Essay on "Western Civilization Mercantilism Was a Direction"
Essay 4 pages (1419 words) Sources: 2 Style: APA
[EXCERPT] . . . .
Western CivilizationMercantilism was a direction of economic thinking that promoted governmental control over industry and trade in the interest of national strength. National strength was to increase, with government-regulated exports being greater in volume than imports.
Adam Smith, on the other hand, promoted a paradigm of commercial interdependence, and trade according to the greatest strengths of a country's industries. In this way, he disagreed with ideal of Mercantilism to provide governmental forces with full control of trade. Smith held that it would be more beneficial and appropriate for the governing authority to establish a laissez faire policy regarding industry and trade. At its basis, Smith's theory related to the economy and the self-interest of individuals. Individuals dedicated themselves to gaining the greatest economic reward from their activities. This translates to the greatest overall economic reward for the country; it follows that individuals should then be left to pursue their economic goals in the way that suits each best.
2. The Constitution of the Year VIII was incepted by Napoleon when he overthrew the French government during 1799. The Constitution provided for the Consulate, of which Napoleon was named first consul. This Constitution provided Napoleon with powers that bordered on the dictatorial, even though the Tribunate and the Corps Legislatif remained. True power belonged to the first consul.
The system worked well while it lasted, with Napoleon gaining victory after victory for France, and solving the problems the country faced at the end of the century. At the beginning of the year 1802, Napo
download full paper ⤓
3. The sans-calotte movement in France was made up of the country's working classes. While some of them were very poor, others, and particularly the militant section of the movement, were skilled workers and shopkeepers. They took the name "sans-calotte" in reference to their denouncement of the aristocratic and upper-middle class breeches. This protest was symbolic in terms of class equality; the classes were equal and the sans-calotte philosophy was based upon the fact that fashion should not be used as a distinguishing factor.
Although widely diverse in their individual politics, the sans-calotte were bound by their disdain of the rich. Their main belief was that all persons are equal. As such, each citizen had the right to own one piece of property, with no governmental control over large enterprises. They advocated the necessity of a direct democracy and a republic, as well as of taxes for the rich. They were often viewed with some reserve, hesitation and fear by the middle and upper classes, and to some extent were depicted as militant savages. Some of them were indeed quite militant and played a significant role during the Terror.
4. The Enlightenment movement sought to change the views of its world mainly in terms of religion and hereditary aristocratic domination. Reason was to gradually take the place of faith as the basis upon which to conduct life and morality. Reform took place not only in the church, but also in society as an increasing amount not only of the elite, but also of the lower classes, became aware of the possibility of change. Newly prosperous merchants during the Renaissance brought change to all areas of living, including the arts, government, and the economy. The French philosopher, Voltaire, was a leader of such change. Along with him, several rebellious thinkers formed a group known as the "philosophes." Many of them also wrote for Denis Diderot's Encyclopedia, which was significantly influential in the ultimate success of the Enlightenment.
5. The Concert of Europe was a body of countries, formed during 1815, in order to ensure that the decisions of the Congress of Vienna were not violated, and to maintain a balance of power. Member countries included Russia, Prussia, Austria and Great Britain. In terms of accomplishment, the Concert successfully suppressed the 1820 and 1822 uprisings in Spain and Italy, respectively. By doing this, the Concert also established its legitimacy in the eyes of… READ MORE
Quoted Instructions for "Western Civilization Mercantilism Was a Direction" Assignment:
NEED TO BE 200 WORDS FOR EACH QUESTIONS.
1. Discuss the economic ideas of mercantilism and compare and contrast those ideas with the ideas of Adam Smith. Which set of ideas is more influential today?
2. What exactly was the Constitution of the Year VIII and how did it secure power for Napoleon? How well did this constitution work? Why and how did Napoleon change it later? What was the ultimate source of Napoleon*****s power?
3. Who were the sans-culottes and how did they become a factor in the politics of the period? How influential were they during the Terror in particular?
4. How did the Enlightenment change basic Western attitudes toward reform, faith and reason? What were the major formative influences on the philosophes? How important was the Encyclopedia in the success of the Enlightenment?
5. What was the Concert of Europe? What did it accomplish and why did Britain withdraw?
6. What factors, old and new, led to the widespread outbreak of revolution in 1848? Were the causes in the various countries essentially the same or did each have its own particular set of circumstances? What was the response to the revolutions? Why did they fail?
7. Italy and Germany were unified under the close supervision of individual statesmen. What were the general strategies of Cavour and Bismarck in the unification process? Which country had more potential for European leadership after unification and why?
8. What was the status of women in the second half of the 19th century? Why did they grow discontented with their lot? To what extent had they improved their position by 1914? What tactics did they use? Was the emancipation of women inevitable?
9. What were the major changes in science*****s view of the nature of the universe and humanity*****s place in it between 1850 and 1914?
10. What was the *****Irish Question***** and how was it handled by the Gladstone administration? How did it affect British politics in the early 20th century?
How to Reference "Western Civilization Mercantilism Was a Direction" Essay in a Bibliography
“Western Civilization Mercantilism Was a Direction.” A1-TermPaper.com, 2008, https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/western-civilization-mercantilism/136899. Accessed 6 Jul 2024.
Related Essays:
Western Civilization Mercantilism Was Practiced Term Paper
![Paper Icon](https://www.a1-termpaper.com/images/term-paper-3.png)
Western Civilization
Mercantilism was practiced by the major trading nations during the 16, 17th and 18th centuries (Mercantilism). These nations sought to increase exports so they could build wealth by… read more
Term Paper 1 pages (364 words) Sources: 2 Style: APA Topic: Economics / Finance / Banking
Western Civilization Scholasticism Was a Method Term Paper
![Paper Icon](https://www.a1-termpaper.com/images/term-paper-3.png)
Western Civilization
Scholasticism was a method of learning initiated in medieval universities in the 12th century which lasted for approximately four centuries. The main aim of scholasticism was to find… read more
Term Paper 5 pages (1868 words) Sources: 3 Style: APA Topic: World History
Western Civilization Rome and Italy Term Paper
![Paper Icon](https://www.a1-termpaper.com/images/term-paper-3.png)
Western Civilization
Rome and Italy
The early city of Rome was small but its growing population required more land in order to meet the expansion of its people. This fueled… read more
Term Paper 1 pages (342 words) Sources: 1 Topic: Government / Politics
Humanities in Western Civilization Term Paper
![Paper Icon](https://www.a1-termpaper.com/images/term-paper-3.png)
Humanities in Western Civilization
The human condition is a complex field - one that in fact requires many different fields of knowledge. The different fields of knowledge that take for… read more
Term Paper 13 pages (3242 words) Sources: 10 Style: MLA Topic: Theatre / Opera / Play
Western Civilization 1917, Workers, Soldiers and Sailors Term Paper
![Paper Icon](https://www.a1-termpaper.com/images/term-paper-3.png)
Western Civilization
1917, workers, soldiers and sailors from Petrograd rebel against the Czarist government. The Red Guards occupy the key buildings, main government institutions and surround the Winter Palace, headquarter… read more
Term Paper 3 pages (1260 words) Sources: 1+ Topic: World History
Sat, Jul 6, 2024
If you don't see the paper you need, we will write it for you!
We can write a new, 100% unique paper!