Term Paper on "Today vs. 1960"

Term Paper 7 pages (1959 words) Sources: 1+

[EXCERPT] . . . .

Today vs. 1960

As the people of the world take the first steps into a new millennium, they find themselves at a crossroads of opportunity and annihilation in a world that is characterized by advances in technology, science and medicine contrasted by the ugliness of international terrorism, the sad realization that many of the world's people are still not free, and the ever present possibility of war and strife. In parallel, the world of 1960 likewise found itself at the dawn of new opportunities countered by the threats that had the power to destroy not only the dreams of the world's people, but also the planet itself. In this paper, today will be compared and contrasted to 1960 in an effort to effectively make the argument that as far as humanity has advanced in the past four decades, its similarity to the world of today comes down to the choice of opportunity and harmony or discord and destruction.

Introduction and Definition

In 1960, on a cold crisp January afternoon, the newly elected President of the United States, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, stood at the podium of his inaugural and gave a speech outlining his objectives for the coming presidential term. As one of the most powerful nations in the world at that time, people in all corners of the globe listened with rapt attention. In this speech, Kennedy made it clear that he represented a new era of leadership not only for the United States, but also for the world; a leadership that was born in the 20th century and held a fresh point-of-view to lead the nations of the world in a bold new direction, putting aside petty differences and avoiding another World War, the memory of which was still fresh in the minds of those who listened to the Kennedy speech. Upon this one man, the hopes of a civilized world were hung.

Despite the power of the Kennedy speech and what he offered to the world on that January day in 1960, the rest of the world held a great deal of peril for everyone. Asian nations like Japan and China were struggling to find an economic identity and gain a share of the world market for goods, Communism, as supported by the United Soviet Socialist Republics thrived as the main rival to the freedom promised by the United States, and held the specter of nuclear war over the heads of the entire world. Perhaps the most visible and scary symbol of the power of Communism to oppress free people was the Berlin Wall, a huge concrete and barbed wire barrier which in effect imprisoned the citizens of Communist-controlled East Berlin, Germany and showed the world just how easily rights and freedom could be crushed under the boots of soldiers and at the barrel of a gun.

Broadly defined, comparing 1960 to today comes down to the matter of choices. To be more specific in a working definition which sets the stage for this paper, the comparison of the two eras is best explained as progress vs. destruction. This definition will now be validated through cause and effect and argument that the definition is proper and valid.

Cause and Effect

The cause and effect of the world climate in 1960, as well as today, when explained and presented, make it easier to realize that the two time periods, despite the passage of time, are vastly similar.

In 1960, the world itself was in the midst of a restructuring of sorts. Only a few short years after World War II, the nations who held any level of political and military power in the world sought to increase their spheres of international influence through the gaining of additional territory and the indoctrination of the needy people of the world to their ways of thinking. The cause of world dominance, by one force or another, led to yet more disputes with the potential to involve the world. In its most basic form, this mission became what would in time be known as the Cold War- a philosophical and ideological difference of opinions between the U.S. And U.S.S.R, which threatened to erupt into a nuclear war, bringing about what was known as mutually assured destruction, meaning that either powerhouse nation held the power to literally wipe the other off of the face of the earth, along with untold millions of others.

Today, as the 21st century moves forward, there likewise exists a cause which has created a threat of similar caliber of the Cold War of the 1960's. Due to the collapse of the U.S.S.R. At the end of the 20th century, the U.S., along with the other nations of the world, gained a higher level of freedom, and influence. Because of this, other factions, in particular the Islamic peoples of the world, grew to resent the influence of Western culture, which they view as blasphemous to their god, Allah. In an effort to restore the potency of Islam throughout the world, acts of terrorism, on the level that has never been seen before in the history of humanity, have erupted in many nations, leading to tremendous loss of life and the possibility that the world can once again find itself in a world war. The net effect of global terrorism has been to create once again a need for individual nations to choose sides and to pursue war or peace, freedom or oppression, life or death.

Argument

Basically stated, the argument to be made and subsequently reinforced is that despite the passage of time, and even some cultural changes to the fiber of society, today's world, as in 1960, finds itself entangled in a fight for freedom and life itself.

First, the international climate of 1960 needs to be put into proper perspective. Previously, the examples of the ideas that JF Kennedy had for the United States as well as the problem that the Cold War and the Berlin Wall posed during that era were discussed. Beyond these common examples, however, there are other instances that show how the civilization of 1960 struggled for freedom, improvement of the world overall, and the rights of the common person.

Echoing the struggle of the East Berliners in 1960, there were citizens of an obstensibly free nation that fought to gain equal rights and a favorable identity within on their native soil. Even as Kennedy of the U.S. spoke of freedom for the world, within his own country, African-Americans were mounting a Civil Rights movement in opposition to the American legal system which still made it legal in some cases for African-Americans to be banned from certain public places, public schools, private colleges and the like (Gueron, 1995). All that these individuals were seeking was equality, and while this seems easy enough to obtain, it took many years, tears, and bloodshed for even a fraction of equality to be realized, and some would argue, the full effect of Civil Rights, despite legislation and action to the contrary, has yet to be felt in the U.S. As discrimination is alive and well in many parts of the "land of the free and home of the brave." Time has not done very much to remedy this injustice. This dilemma brings out once again the choice between harmony and dischord. Ironically enough, in this instance, disruption of the established order is needed to achieve an overall peace. No one likes to pay such a steep price for freedom, but it must be paid.

Drawing a parallel to 1960 and today in terms of freedom, the nation of Mauritania stands as a blazing example of exactly how a nation can not only gain independence through initiative, but also how it can grow over time to become a respected part of the world community, with valuable contributions being made to the same. In 1960, Mauritania gained its independence from France after many years of struggle and dispute- once again showing how a bit of dispute can eventually lead to a peaceful resolution of differences (Lancaster, 2002). As the decades have gone by, Mauritania has developed its own political and economic system, opening embassies in other nations to promote international relations and advance its economy. Economically, interestingly enough, Mauritania holds several attractive items which have resulted in even the superpowers of the world wishing to conduct business. These attributes come in the form of natural gas reserves and other highly desirable natural resources which other nations do not possess, and therefore must negotiate with Mauritania if they wish to obtain them in a peaceful manner.

Perhaps the most blazing example of something decades in the making which poses the important questions of the future of the world by its very nature is the fight against international terrorism. While the American catastrophe of 9/11/01 and the British tragedy of the bombing of the subway system stand out in the world's consciousness as the main examples of the result of terrorism, the reality is that many Middle Eastern nations have been faced… READ MORE

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