Article Review on "Tobacco Use Management System"

Article Review 4 pages (1163 words) Sources: 1

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Tobacco Use Management System: Analyzing Tobacco Control From a Systems Perspective

In this article, the authors review the current system in place within the United States to control tobacco use. A systems thinking methodology is used to outline a framework that identifies the various subsystems of the existing tobacco use management system and to then analyze this system critically. The authors review the various subsystems, identifying systemic problems within the overall system and then provide reflections on how the system can be reformed to better meet the societal goals associated with tobacco use.

Tobacco use is a serious problem in many countries around the world. Nicotine in the form of cigarettes is the most harmful form of nicotine, yet it is also very addictive and the most desired form of nicotine. The use of cigarettes leads to a number of verified health problems, which consequently lead to enormous public health expenditures. Yet government systems have been reluctant to place restrictions on the tobacco industry that would sufficiently curtail the levels of tobacco use within the population due to the economic pressures such restrictions would create. Societal values need to be balanced in any system of control, including the tobacco management system, which results in placing health values head to head with economic values.

The authors break down the Tobacco Management System into three subsystems, operating under two suprasystems. The subsystems identified are the Tobacco Industry, the Tobacco Use Control Subsystem and the Regulatory Subsystem. These subsystems operate under the greater overarching suprasystems which are also often times found in opposition to one another: the public health system and the economic system.

The tobacco industry is a large, profitable industry that markets nicotine products to consumers. In the past this industry has often pushed for a free-market approach to regulating tobacco use, arguing that the consumer has the right to his or her own free will, and can determine their own purchasing choices. This approach would see little governmental interference in how the industry markets its products or what products the industry manufactures. Recent decades have not allowed this approach to continue, and now the tobacco industry faces restraints on how and to whom they can market their products. Overall the tobacco industry must decide whether or not to continue fighting regulatory systems, or whether they would be better served by working with the other subsystems to develop creative solutions to the situation that both satisfy the public health needs as well as their own economic needs. One area in which this can be accomplished is the manufacturing of tobacco use cessation products or of less harmful forms of nicotine products.

The Tobacco Use Control Subsystem has often been seen as being at a disadvantage due to its less centralized organization. This system consists of the various groups and organizations aimed at controlling and minimizing tobacco use. This includes companies that create cessation products as well as organizations that promote public health education. Within this subsystem there exists a debate between harm reduction goals and zero tolerance goals, and this debate weakens the subsystem's overall strength and ability to influence the other subsystems. Overtime however, this subsytem has been growing in its power and wealth, leading to its increased ability to work within the overall system of tobacco management.

The regulatory system consists of the government's role in the management system and the extent to which it interferes in the regulation of tobacco use and control. The authors point out that the… READ MORE

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