Research Paper on "Tennessee Side Effects of Coal"
Research Paper 5 pages (1362 words) Sources: 5 Style: MLA
[EXCERPT] . . . .
"The amount in case of Tennessee is too fractional to be taken seriously" (Beans, 2013)."In case if water is used at all, it would eventually come back as well" says Renee Hoyos, the executive director of Tennessee Clean Water Network (Beans, 2013).
It's a bit cloudy at this point to think that coal mining operations will escalate to level of Pennsylvania and Ohio for that matter. In case of gas prices rising to soaring levels, new companies will invade the state of Tennessee and start operations on the largely unexplored areas of Tennessee State (Beans, 2013).
A loophole was created by the George W. Bush administration in 2002 when Clean Water Act was altered a bit. This permitted the coal companies to drive the coal mining waste down in the American water systems. Thus, the mountaintop removal process once again was revived back to life. Clean Water Protection Act has been fixated in the House of Representatives which enables it to remain unchanged for years to come. Many presidents would fail to alter it (appvoice, 2013).
Now Tennessee represents 0.1% of the total coal production in United States of America after being driven down the ground for two decades consecutively. That ratio takes a strong hold from environmentally destructive surface mining practices (appvoices, 2013a).
In 2012, three quarters of coal in Tennessee was extracted from surface mines. It has seriously caused severed 125 square miles of Cumberland Plateau. Tennessee has now the least available coal reserves in any state of United States of America. Now mining operations are carried in the counties of:
o
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Campbell
o
Claiborne
o
Anderson
(appvoices, 2013a).
During the last two decades, the employment at Tennessee was driven down into the ground. The coal mining corporations are either state controlled or foreign controlled for that matter. All of the coal extracts are shipped to various American states. The destruction however continues to take place. It's high time that Tennessee takes the first step in bringing an end to the mountaintop removal practices (appvoices, 2013a).
The higher authorities in the coal industry proudly claim that "Responsible Mining Act of 2009" (RMA) brought an end to the mining woes and its side effects in Tennessee. RMA enacted "Stream Buffer Zone" which constrains mining within one hundred feet of water stream in certain cases. It was a bold move which brought results. The buffer zone rules haven't always been that successful before. In 1983, the American President Ronald Reagan also implemented federal stream buffer zone rule. It was in place until American President George W. Bush scrapped it off. His presidential tenure was ending at the time. The enforcement was halfhearted. Meanwhile, most projects continued to operate in Appalachia breaking the buffer zone rule at the same time (appvoices, 2013a).
In Tennessee, the mountaintop removal process is still active and degrades the water quality alongside. RMA hasn't been implemented to its full strength yet. The mountains and citizens of the said locations are under serious environmental hazards. Surface mining has dangerous consequences (appvoices, 2013a).
Moreover, the toxic waste and acid mine drainage is a serious issue in Tennessee today. Sewanee coal seam is under majority of central Tennessee is home to poisonous coal seam situated in the east of Mississippi (appvoices, 2013a).
According to the act of Tennessee Scenic Vistas Protection Act exempts re-mining from "Abandoned Mine Lands" (appvoices, 2013a).
TDEC stands for Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. It has cataloged a list of impaired waters in the state. In its new memo, TDEC states that 60 miles of Tennessee are already severed by coal mining waste (appvoices, 2013a).
Restoration and reclamation can assist in retaining the damaged streams of the coal industry severed with previous activities. However re-mining has no relation with stream repair (appvoices, 2013a).
References
Appvoices. (2013a). Protecting Tennessee's Scenic Vistas. Appalachian Voices. Accessed from: http://appvoices.org/tn/mtr/
Appvoices. (2013a). Mountaintop Removal 101. Appalachian Voices. Accessed from: http://appvoices.org/end-mountaintop-removal/mtr101/
Beans, L. (2013). Oil and Gas Industry Targets Tennessee After State Passes Fracking Rules. EcoNews. Accessed from: http://ecowatch.com/2013/06/10/industry-targets-tn-state-passes-fracking-rules/
Examiner. (2010). Does… READ MORE
Quoted Instructions for "Tennessee Side Effects of Coal" Assignment:
“I'd like to do my research project and paper on issues of hydro fracking, regular fracking and strip mining in Tennessee. I wouldn't spend more than a page on explaining what those three are, concentrate more on the social/cultural/economic side of it. Tennessee's tourism industry employs more people than anything else and strip mining would damage that and how it affects peoples, job, health and talk about communities that are coming together to stop mining and fracking or endorse it. What areas would be affected? How would it change a community's identity or character? Questions like that need to be answered. Below is to help get you started.
http://ecowatch.com/2013/06/10/industry-targets-tn-state-passes-fracking-rules/
http://appvoices.org/end-mountaintop-removal/mtr101/
http://www.examiner.com/article/does-mountaintop-removal-affect-east-tennessee
https://www.google.com/#q=mountaintop+removal+in+east+tennessee&spell=1
How to Reference "Tennessee Side Effects of Coal" Research Paper in a Bibliography
“Tennessee Side Effects of Coal.” A1-TermPaper.com, 2013, https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/tennessee-side-effects-coal-mining/9521378. Accessed 5 Oct 2024.
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