Term Paper on "Teaching of Listening for Academic Purposes"
Term Paper 9 pages (2934 words) Sources: 1+
[EXCERPT] . . . .
Goh and Yusnita (2006) identifies many stages in guided metacognitive sequence in a listening lesson which include 1)Pre-listening activities through which students predict words while listening and writing them down. They can do this using their first language. 2) After listening, and while listening the students need to circle or underline the words and phrases they have correctly predicted and write any new information that comes up. 3) In a discussion based on pairs, the students should determine what they have learned through comparison and justify how they come to their conclusion or understanding. They should identify the stages they disagree on or find confusing, and specially identify parts of the text that might require special attention during the second listening. 4) During the second listening, the students should pay attention to areas on which they do not agree or which confuse them and jot down any new words of information they manage to capture during the second listening.5) In a discussion involving the entire class, or a class-based process, the teacher or professor takes the lead to confirm what the students have comprehended about the strategies they reportedly used.Students who are not native speakers can use the strategies and methods mentioned above to help the overcome the challenges they might meet while trying to follow lectures. In this case listening is used as a way of comprehending to gain knowledge effectively by the students. Student still face several other problems like catching the word flow or speed of speech by the lecturer and use of shortened forms during a conversation. Using unusual forms of speech such as slanging and colloquialism by the lecturers is als
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Activities that will assist students in listening to lectures
By choosing a relevant subject or topic to their school/university, I will ask the students to use this to assist them on how to listen to a lecture. There are quite a number of listening methods that have been devised presently, and since this is a process and not an event or a step, several listening strategies have been formulated to help students acquire listening skills. It is true that to be a knowledgeable scholar one has to be a good listener. One must therefore cultivate the habit of note taking while listening to a lecture as this has been proved to be the oldest but simplest and easiest means of effectively listening and following a lecture. The best way that a student can employ to revise and review what has been learned in a lecture is by taking down notes for later reference. It also provides the learner with the opportunity to re-examine words or phrases that he/she might have misunderstood during the lecture. Through discussions with other students, such words or phrases can be explained better. Active participation in interpersonal activities like mock interviews and storytelling sessions can also be used to develop better listening skills. During such activities, I'll ask the students to form groupings in which they chose to take part in a given listening activity. Other ways of improving listening skills include instructional lectures, audio messages and listening to audio segments from online podcasts. Listening skills can also be taught through bigger listening group activities. By dividing the students into many groups, I'll ask them to determine the interests and hobbies of two other group members. Apart from taking notes, they should be challenged and encourage to probe and ask questions. After practicing for sometimes, they should be asked to make notes after the activity is over which they can later refer to when discussing the hobbies and interests of other group members they encountered. I hope that these activities will encourage the students to develop better listening skills. Questionnaires containing questions from the activities can also be distributed later for determining the listening ability of the students and the progress they have made, if any (Classroom.synonym, 2014).
Use of video segments is also of great importance when teaching listening skills. The segments should include news programs, comic or dramatic materials, documentaries and interview segments (Classroom.Synonym, 2014). I will choose a video segment from which the students can identify specific theme and content as they watch depending on the listening skill level of the student. I will watch the video with the students more than one time, first with the sound turned off and then with the sound turned on. After this I will instruct them to briefly summarize the video segment they have watched and based on this, they can initiate a discussion. The main purpose of conducting this exercise is to provide me with data relevant to particular listening skills and to enable me to determine general aspects that the students need to review in order to improve.
With regard to this specific example, students who meet difficulties in following lectures due to language barriers can adopt various listening methods so as to improve their listening skills, for instance, they can choose to request to ask their lecturer to speak slowly and simply when presenting a lecture as a major first step (Huang,2004). And instead of slangs and colloquial use of language, the students can ask the lecturer to speak formally. I should encourage them to participate more in class discussions so that the class environment can make them get clear notions about the language being used. I also should encourage them to take notes more often which they can later review and discuss the difficulties they encountered while the lecture was in progress. I will also encourage students who are not native to read newspapers often, watch news on TV and listen to radios that broadcast in English language so that they can easily follow the lectures delivered in this language. This is because it is an interactive two way process and by practicing the above always, they will get accustomed to unfamiliar use of the language which will enable them to understand various usages of idioms and out of context expressions I use while lecturing. Listeners should be made aware that they are active and not passive participants in any conversation, and so they ought to know how to decipher meaning from the sounds they capture with their ears (UEFAP, 2014).
They should construct meaning by applying their knowledge of the language, the world around them and the subject. They need to know that while listening they should remain active all the times. So it is instructive that they should reflect on what they know or don't know, formulate questions on the subject based on the information they have before they begin listening. Titles and subtitles and section headings should guide them in formulating questions so that they keep on interacting as stated by UEFAP (2014) in note taking and listening comprehension activities. Many studies demonstrate that definite signals of the text structure should considered while listening to lectures in order for them to gain an idea of what the lecturer is saying. The listening strategies mentioned above will greatly aid the students learn listening for academic purposes as a way of familiarizing themselves with key elements of a subject or topic.
References
Buck, G. (2001). Assessing Listening. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Classroom.synonym. (2007). Modern methods of teaching language skills. Available at: http://classroom.synonym.com/modern-methods-teaching-listening-skills-2458.html
Conaway, M. (1982). Listening: Learning too and retention agent. In A.S. Algier & K.W. Algier (Eds), Improving Reading and Study Skills. San Fransisco: Josey-Bass.
Goh, C., and T. Yusnita. (2006). Metacognitive instruction in listening for young learners. ELT Journal 60(3):222-232
Ferris D., & Tagg. T. (1996). Academic listening/speaking tasks for ESL students: Problems, suggestions and implications. TESQL Quarterly, 30, 297-317.
Flowerdew, J.(1995). Research of relevance to second language lecture comprehension: An overview. In J. Flowerdew(Ed), Academic listening: Research perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Huang J. 2004,'Voices from Chinese Students: Professors' Use of English Affects Academic Listening', College Student Journal, 38,2,pp. 212-223, Education Source, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 November 2014.
Richards, Jack C.(2008).Teaching listening and Speaking: From theory to practice.… READ MORE
Quoted Instructions for "Teaching of Listening for Academic Purposes" Assignment:
Hello, I hope to refer this assignment to a professional *****. In this assignment I want the ***** to choose one of the two options a or b in order to write an evaluative report on one program of teaching English for academic purposes. I will supply the ***** with ppts, two recordings, assignment criteria. In the short recording, detailed information are given by the lecturer to simplify the task and orient us to address the issues. Finally, please make sure that you are familiar with this assignment and meet all the requirements.
Option a) Exploring the teaching of listening for academic purposes
Background
The spoken mode of lectures still forms an important component of teaching and learning in academic contexts (in universities and in schools). This mode of learning can assist students to be better able to access the knowledge in their readings. It is a means for mediating between what students already know and what they need to be able to access and learn through reading. This raises questions to do with how the spoken language of lectures differs from the language of academic writing. And while we tend to focus on the role of spoken language in lectures, it is also important to recognise that lectures are generally multi-modal events that involve voice qualities, body language, and various visual resources. They always make some link to other modes. We recognise that the mode of spoken academic lectures can present significant challenges for students, especially, but not only, students who are non-native speakers of the language of instruction. There are also issues on how relevant this mode of interaction is for students studying at a distance, and how best to support such students in developing academic listening skills.
Task
Write an evaluative report on the teaching of listening for academic purposes. In the first part of the report (about 1/3) discuss features of the language of lectures, and how these might support or challenge students, and how the language of lectures might connect to students’ academic reading. You will be expected to make references to some relevant theoretical literature on this topic, and you may also draw on interviews with practitioners in the field. In the second part of the paper you will need to locate, review and comment on one or more programs that aim to support the teaching of academic listening skills. These may be face-to-face programs, they may be located in coursebooks or in online teaching programs. (Please provide full references). In the final section you need to design a sequence of activities to assist students to listen to a lecture relevant to a school subject or university course. You can use recorded lectures from this subject if you like – or choose from lectures available in course books.
Option b) Exploring multimodality and the teaching of speaking for academic purposes
Background
Giving academic presentations is more than speaking in front of a live audience; rather, it is about communicating multimodally, students having to use effectively a range of visual, electronic and digital texts as well as being aware of body language and spatial issues. Walsh (2009) states that “[t]he terms ‘multiliteracies’ (Cope & Kalantzis, 2000; Unsworth, 2001), ‘new literacies’ (Lankshear, C. & Knobel, M. 2003), ‘multimodal texts’, ‘multimodal discourse’ and ‘multimodality’ (Kress & van Leeuwen, 1996, 2001, 2006) represent attempts to describe the textual shift that has occurred and to conceptualise the changed learning paradigm that is fundamental for literacy and learning in an age of increased digital communication” (p. 1).
Task
Write an evaluative report on the teaching of speaking for academic purposes, focussing on presentations and their multimodal dimensions. In the first part of the report (about 1/3) discuss features of the language of speaking as well as the multimodal aspects of presentations, and how these might support or challenge students, and how the language of presentations might connect to students’ academic listening. You will be expected to make references to some relevant theoretical literature on this topic, and you may also draw on interviews with practitioners in the field. In the second part of the paper you will need to locate, review and comment on one or more programs that aim to support the teaching of presentations, attending to multimodal aspects or lack thereof. These may be face-to-face programs; they may be located in coursebooks or in online teaching programs. (Please provide full references). In the final section you need to design a sequence of activities to assist students to give effective presentations relevant to a school subject or university course with an emphasis on relevant multimodal aspects for the digital age.
How to Reference "Teaching of Listening for Academic Purposes" Term Paper in a Bibliography
“Teaching of Listening for Academic Purposes.” A1-TermPaper.com, 2014, https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/teaching-listening-academic/7171611. Accessed 28 Sep 2024.
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