Research Paper on "Sustainable Community in Arena"

Research Paper 10 pages (3234 words) Sources: 10 Style: Harvard

[EXCERPT] . . . .

The PV panels are also funded by the energy suppler or external companies in terms of capital investments. The cost of installation and the maintenance provides long-term benefits for the electricity supply companies. In some case it is more likely to be spread over a period of 25 years.

Cost and effectiveness of the actions:

The development cost of NISA and Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome is estimated at €0000. However, the local authorities view it as an opportunity to build a modern sports stadium with sustainability as one of the primary objective. It is observed that sustainability can be considered as a primary focus during initial planning to avoid additional costs. The cost factor is likely to be impacted at a minimum level since with respect to the sustainability factors. The cost of landscaping according to sustainable urban development standards is merely affected. Similarly the cost of building the derange system for surviving flood water is also least affected. The benefits of these actions can be assessed as huge as compared to the system cost. The negligible cost factor can also be ignored in view of the long-term benefits and availability of sports arena based on sustainable factors.

The renewable energy use for transportation used during 2014 commonwealth games in Glasgow is also the second major development. The proposed initiative has a profound impact on reduction of carbon emissions as it is one of the three major contributors of CO2 emissions in UK. The transportation using renewable energy as a fuel has two major costs including the refurbishment of existing vehicles and procurement of transportation vehicles using hybrid technology. The refurbishment initiative is relatively expensive and costs of maintenance are also likely to be higher (Gold & Gold 2008). The performance of refurbished vehicles will also be lower as compared with the new hybrid vehicles with updated technology. The sports events will require transportation procurement and costs will be slightly higher in case it is using renewable energy. On the other hand, benefits of minimizing CO2 emissions in environment over long terms are highly appreciable.

The use of sustainable energy in NISA and especially Velodrome will not only create environment that is beneficial for the sports and sustainability. The businesses and community in Glasgow will also be benefit from the developments. The cost of setting up renewable energy as a primary source of sustainability will be higher as compared with construction of buildings and Velodrome on sustainability basis. It includes the maximized use of natural resources, landscaping, and water resources. The waste management and other residuals should also be managed to reduce overall pollution at arena site and Glasgow.

Cost-benefit analysis of carbon reduction actions:

The carbon reduction actions related to the community in Glasgow and specifically for the 2014 event has certain capital and maintenance costs. The long-term benefits of these initiatives are related to reduction of fuel consumption for sports arena and Velodrome. The fuel poverty is also likely to reduce in the community. The refurbishment of existing housing in the area is also impacted through the initiatives. The considerations for installation of HSTM and PVs in newly constructed buildings and refurbishment of existing housing facilities can only be achieved through government and energy provider's support. The capital investment in these regards are mainly provided by the energy suppliers and long terms benefits are sought over the period of next 20 to 30 years. The uncertain cost of maintenance in HSTM and PVs is one of the factors that can influence consumer decision making. However with the government support it can be managed.

Benchmarking:

Benchmarking is denoted as the industry's best practices used for forecasting and improvement. The major element of consideration for the approach is related to compare within the industry. The same players of the market compete in terms of their performance and efficacy. The benchmarking approach is well adopted by large corporations for developing continuous improvement within the business. The initial stage of the benchmarking process includes identification of existing state. The second stage includes the setting of objectives and goals for a particular area of operations or overall performance. The third stage is achieved through defining the mechanism for achievement of the defined objectives. The measurement of goals and monitoring performance is overall objective of benchmarking. It is also relevant for sustainable communities (Jain & Malehorn 2006).

Benchmark of the performance:

According to Glasgow city council (2010) the government is focused to take into confidence all the stakeholders of 2014 commonwealth games and game partners for creating new benchmarks of sustainability. The environmental activities and advocates will also be mobilized to complement the sustainability efforts. The aspirations of city council of Glasgow, Scottish government, and commonwealth games Scotland are mainly focused towards development of benchmarking framework to cater the needs of the city. It is mainly with perspective of using 2014 event as a focus of sustainability drive for the city and Scotland as a whole. The commonwealth games environmental and sustainability benchmarks are primarily established on the basis of implementing environment and sustainability models and best practices. The key performance indicator (KPI) are developed in relation to the British Standard for a Sustainable Event Management System e.g. BS 8901 (Glasgow City Council 2010).

The important benchmarks devised by the Glasgow City Council (2010) includes the assurance of new developments and adaptability of the impacts on future climate change especially reduction of greenhouse gases, flooding, heat gain, water resources, and water quality. The output measures are developed to reduce journey times in peak times throughout Glasgow. The reduction in road accidents and reducing traffic load on the local road network is also sought. Furthermore, the use of micro-renewable energy sources on all new developments within Glasgow is also one of the primary objectives. The gradual shift for healthier travel options availability throughout Glasgow is also measured providing cyclists the appropriate facilities. It is also likely to have an impact on the air quality of the city.

Levels of performance are achieved and why:

The significant performance indicators in sustainability selected for Glasgow city and 2014 commonwealth games are based on reduction in carbon emissions and landfill waste. The fact that Glasgow produces 8% of the total Scotland's waste is highly an inefficient indicator. The government is focused to reduce 30% of the CO2 emissions in 10 years. It is a performance level objective that can be achieved through above mentioned measures. The commonwealth games 2014 are mainly targeted as an event to initiate drive for sustainability. The sustainability drive is also likely to impact the waste production in the area. The games waste is targeted to be reduced by 80%. The recycling of waste is one of the objectives to divert from landfill. The design and development of Velodrom is also likely to be using recycled materials. The government is also focused to reduce waste and increase recycling for Glasgow community after the games (Glasgow City Council 2010). The public education in use of recycled materials and waste reduction will also facilitate in achieving objectives. The government focus along with the use of partners for creating awareness will provide the required grounds for objectives achievements.

Interdependencies:

The interdependencies in derive to reduce carbon emissions can be defined in terms of an integrated approach. The approach for reducing carbon emissions and ultimately leading towards sustainable Glasgow community includes changes in design, development, and implementation of housing, construction, domestic, and commercial facilities. The changes in the transport system as well as the landscaping of the area are also interdependent for overall sustainability. The sustainable systems are also likely to be affected through public awareness, corporations, and governments. The non-profit organizations and environmental advocates also have a key role to play in sustainability of community within Glasgow and 2014 commonwealth games in particular (McCartney et al. 2010).

Choices and actions affect or are influenced by the activities:

The choices for sustainability are mainly derived on the basis of current developments taking place for 2014 commonwealth games in Glasgow. The choices are also influenced by the community requirements and considering the event as a model for propagating sustainability requirements. The selection of key elements including reducing carbon emissions and landfill waste reduction are mainly the opportunities sought considering the development requirements for games. The design of landscape for water and drainage management is primarily derived through building requirements of NISA and Velodrome.

Similarly the refurbishment of housing associations in existing Glasgow and new constructions using PVs and HSTM is targeted towards providing sustainable energy to the communities. The transportation is one of the industries that create the most CO2 emissions and using sustainable and improved innovative vehicles also compliment the objectives. The cost benefit analysis, benchmarking framework, and KPI are considered while developing options for achieving sustainability for community in Glasgow. The measures of the choices are mainly focused towards integrating the government and commonwealth game partners efforts to create an amplified impact in the area.… READ MORE

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