Thesis on "Stomach Cancer"

Quoted Instructions for "Stomach Cancer" Assignment:

Purpose and Scope: The purpose of this assignment is to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of a specific disease, health-related condition or health event among the entire population of a particular geographic region.

The topics for the descriptive epidemiology paper will be the following and must all be for the United States:

-stomach cancer

Do not list cancer rates per state. You are to summarize the information you collect, not repeat it verbatim. Please do not hand in long tables. You can include figures and summary (short versions) of tables in the Appendix you create.

Stick to the following guideline and maintain the headings for the major sections. Write in narrative form within each section. This is a paper, present a cohesive document. There should be a title page and a page stating Table of Contents, in which each of the sections is listed and the page they appear on. If you include tables, figures or appendices, these too should appear in the Table of Contents. Also include the page number for the References. Look at how other publications and use as a model if you have not done this before.

Guideline for the Paper:

Describe the disease by person, place and time in the United States.

1. Describe the characteristics of the persons who develop the disease or condition you have selected, including but not limited to:

a. a. Age; gender; occupation; religion; marital status, etc.

b. You will need to describe these characteristics using incidence, prevalence and mortality rates which may be age-adjusted, age-specific or crude rates.

2. Describe the geographical characteristics of persons developing the disease or condition of interest including but not limited to:

a. Urban/rural settings; regional distribution in the U.S.; distribution by states (summarize).

b. You will need to describe these characteristics using incidence, prevalence and mortality rates which may be age-adjusted age-adjusted, age-specific or crude rates.

3. Describe the time characteristics of persons developing the disease or condition of interest including but not limited to:

a. Secular trends, etc.

b. Cyclical trends if applicabel

c. You will need to describe these characteristics using incidence, prevalence and mortality rates which may be age-adjusted or specific to the characteristics listed in a.

SOME TERMS TO HELP WITH ABOVE:

Incidence -The number of newly diagnosed cases of cancer during a specific time period

The American Cancer Society estimated that there would be approximately 1,399,790 people first diagnosed with cancer in 2006.

Prevalence, Complete -The number of people alive on a certain date who have been diagnosed with cancer at any time in their lives. This is different from incidence in that it considers both newly diagnosed and previously diagnosed people

Prevalence, Limited Duration -The number of people who have received a diagnosis of cancer during a defined time period, and who are alive on the last day of that period. Most prevalence data in SEER is for limited duration because information on cases diagnosed before 1973 is not generally available

Mortality -The number of deaths from cancer during a specific time period

Age-Adjusted Rate -A statistical method allowing comparisons of populations that takes into account age-distribution differences between populations. Most incidence and death data in SEER are age-adjusted, although some tables, in contrast, present the crude rate. Age-adjusting takes the 2000 US population distribution and applies it to other time periods under consideration. This assures that such rates do not reflect any changes in the population age distribution. Rates can be adjusted for the distribution of other characteristics such as race/ethnicity

Most data in SEER have been age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. This allows comparison across racial groups taking into account differences in age structure of the populations. For example, the average age of many Hispanic/Latino populations is less than that of other racial/ethnic groups. Therefore, it sometimes appears that these groups have lower cancer incidence rates than other groups. However, by adjusting for age, more accurate comparisons can be made. See Calculating Age-adjusted Rates for further information

Age-specific rate -The rate of incidence or mortality of a specific age group, calculated per 100,000 people.

Crude Rate -A crude rate is the ratio of the number of people in which the event of interest happens in a specified time period to the size of the population who may experience this event during the same time period. There are no adjustments made when a crude rate is given

HELPFULL CITES :

www.seer.cancer.gov(good one)

www.cancer.gov

Http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov

Pubmed.com

medscape.com

ADDITIONAL GUILDLINES:

1.A minimum of 5 different public health references (that is, published articles from the peer-reviewed public health journals, government documents, etc.) must be cited using the reference format of National Library of Medicine, available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html. Plagiarism (stealing others***** words without attribution) is prohibited, and will result in penalties!!!!

2. The paper should be proofread and edited for typographical and grammatical accuracy prior to submission. You will lose points for grammar and spelling errors! Use spellcheck!

3. All information should be accompanied by citations. Citations from the internet (a url) ARE NOT ACCEPTABLE. Full citation of article required. Examples available under Course Documents.

4. The source of the information needs to be cited throughout the the text (Author or organizations initials and year, for example: [Menendez, 1994]). Descriptive epidemiologic papers are a fertile source of information from which to develop hypotheses to be tested using analytic epidemiologic methods.

5. Include a reference or bibliography page at the end.

6. Maps should appear in an appendix at the end of the paper.

7.note:1 point for using citations from journals and NOT URL*****s from internet

Common Student Mistakes:

This is not a literature review. An epidemiology descriptive paper is much different than a literature review. In a literature review you review different articles on a topic, summarize the topic and discuss strengths and weaknesses of the paper based on several criteria including methodology (data collection, sample size, etc.).

For the purposes of this class you are going to collect information on person, place, and time characteristics. For this reason, when stating your topic, you will not focus on a subgroup (for example, the title of your paper cannot be women with AIDS) or a sub-place (example: suicides in New York). You will examine all of the groups for all of the characteristics outlined above.

Additional INFO: from seer website

Definition of stomach cancer: Cancer that forms in tissues lining the stomach. Also called gastric cancer.

Estimated new cases and deaths from stomach cancer in the United States in 2009:

New cases: 21,130

Deaths: 10,620

Each year in the United States, about 13,000 men and 8,000 women are diagnosed with stomach cancer. Most are over 70 years old.

Cellular Classification of Gastric Cancer

There are two major types of gastric adenocarcinoma:

*****¢ Intestinal.

*****¢ Diffuse.

Intestinal adenocarcinomas are well differentiated, and the cells tend to arrange themselves in tubular or glandular structures. The terms tubular, papillary, and mucinous are assigned to the various types of intestinal adenocarcinomas. Rarely, adenosquamous cancers can occur.

Diffuse adenocarcinomas are undifferentiated or poorly differentiated, and they lack a gland formation. Clinically, diffuse adenocarcinomas can give rise to infiltration of the gastric wall (i.e., linitis plastica).

Some tumors can have mixed features of intestinal and diffuse types.

thank you so much i hope i didnt leave anything out . im so stressed with midterms and a recent death in my family that i forgot this is do today midnight . thank you again