Research Proposal on "Applied Game Theory"

Research Proposal 7 pages (3024 words) Sources: 27 Style: MLA

[EXCERPT] . . . .

Risk Tolerance and the Prisoner's Dilemma

High Tolerance and Low Tolerance Risk-Taking Profile and Cooperator/Defector Prediction in the Prisoner's Dilemma

Theoretical Section

Data/Information from Previous research

Annexes - Storyboard

Risk tolerance refers to the amount of risk one feels comfortable with in their business transactions. Everyone has a different risk tolerance profile. Some feel comfortable throwing caution to the wind and are not afraid of the consequences as long as there is great potential for gain. Others are not willing to take even a small risk, preferring stability even if it means little gain. A certain amount of entrepreneurial risk is necessary when entering into a new market. Risk assessment tests are available to assess the level of risk with which one feels comfortable.

The prisoner's dilemma is a fundamental problem in game theory. The prisoner's dilemma is a part of game theory that explores the willingness of prisoner's who have been separated to cooperate with authorities and tell on their accomplice, thus gaining themselves freedom and condemning their partner. However, if both parties refuse to cooperate, they will both receive a shortened sentence. The essence of the game depends on the selfishness of the prisoners and whether they want the entire prize for themselves, at a considerable risk, or whether they will the safe route for a mutual, but smaller gain.

The prisoner's dilemma is the basis for a game that simulates the scenario of the prisoner's dilemma is that basis for several nonzero sum online simulators. That pair pl

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ayers and track whether they collude or cheat. In repetitions of the game, the propensity to cooperate or implicate the other changes as one reacts to the patterns and reactions of the others. This research contends that the amount of risk tolerance of two players will determine the likelihood that they will take the cooperative (safe) route, or whether they will play the selfish risk taker and implicate the other a majority of the time.

This research will use 25 paired subjects. They will first be given an assessment scale to determine their risk tolerance. They will then play a simulation using the prisoner's dilemma. It is expected that those with a high risk tolerance will be more likely to take the selfish "winner take all" choice and that those with low risk tolerance will be likely to take the safer, lower reward route. This research will examine the impact of a psychological trait (risk tolerance) and its impact on economic strategy.

This research will demonstrate how the areas of psychology and economics are intimately tied. This is a relatively new concept for academic study. People and their decisions are more than algorithms and equations. This research will explore how risk tolerance affects the motivation to take an economic action. The prisoner's dilemma has been a part of game theory for many years. Much of the literature that explores the prisoner's dilemma is centered on the development of mathematical algorithms as a means to predict player outcomes. However, this research takes a different approach and attempts to predict economic outcomes based on the psychological traits of the players.

This research has implications for the business world, as it examines the likelihood that one will take actions that are selfishly motivated, or whether they would take cooperative actions. It is applicable to many competitive environments, such as oligopolies, monopolies, and other market structures. Often economists forget that psychological traits are intimately linked to business decisions. This research will bridge the studies of psychology and economics in an attempt to develop better predictive models in the future.

High Tolerance and Low Tolerance Risk-Taking Profile and Cooperator/Defector Prediction in the Prisoner's Dilemma

I. Introduction

A. Primary Research Question: "Does risk tolerance predict selfish behavior or cooperative behavior in the Prisoner's Dilemma Game?"

1. Information needed for support: This research will require information from two different branches of academic study. It will explore academic journals related to risk tolerance and that which is related to the Prisoner's Dilemma in game theory. It will also need to explore how these factors affect various business decisions regarding cooperation between firms and the affect of prisoner's dilemma on business strategy in different market settings.

2. Sub-Question 1: "Does a high/risk tolerance make a player more likely to take the selfish route and defect in the Prisoner's Dilemma Game?"

a. The information needed for this section of the study will stem from academic studies concerning high-risk tolerance and defector likelihood in the Prisoner's Dilemma Game.

3. Sub-Question 2: "Does a low/risk tolerance make a player more likely to cooperate in the Prisoner's Dilemma Game?"

a. The information needed for this section of the study will stem from academic studies concerning low-risk tolerance and cooperator likelihood in the Prisoner's Dilemma Game.

4. Sub-Question 3: "Is the predictive nature of high or low risk takers more likely to be predictive of actions in the Prisoner's Dilemma game?"

b. This question will address the predictive nature of high and low risk takers. It may be that one group is more likely than the other to act in a predictable manner. This question will also address the external validity issues of the study, as it examines whether the predictive values for high or low risk takers are skewed towards one risk tolerance profile or another.

B. Chapter 2. Literature Review

This section will review relevant literature in academic journal in areas related to the subject area. The literature review will have to examine all areas that are relevant to the topic area. It is not expected that many studies will be able to be located that directly address the topic at hand, as this is an area that is yet to be addressed by the academic community. The literature review will included an examination of literature related to risk tolerance, risk tolerance and motivation, the prisoner's dilemma, the prisoner's dilemma and game theory, and any other topic that is related to these areas.

C. Chapter 3: Methodology

The methodology to be used in this study will combine methods from two disciplines. It will use a psychological scale that measures risk tolerance with the Prisoner's Dilemma Game used in economic studies. Scores on the risk tolerance scale will be matched with scores on the Prisoner's Dilemma Game to determine if risk tolerance scores will prove predictive of the decisions made in the Prisoner's Dilemma Game. This section of the study will examine the test procedures, sample population, and study instruments that will be used in the conduct of this study; it will justify the reasoning for the selection of the research methods.

D. Chapter 4: Results

This chapter of the study will present the research findings in a format that is easy to understand and interpret. It will use tables and graphs to present the results of the study. It will also present any analytical methods that are used in the study.

E., Chapter 5: Discussion and Conclusions

The results of the study are discussed in relation to the hypotheses and research questions. The conclusions and implications of the research are presented in this section. It will also examine the future direction of research in this area.

Theoretical Section

A. Purpose Statement

The purpose of this study is to examine how psychological factors contribute to decisions that affect the economic landscape and the amount of cooperation that can be expected, according to the risk profile of those involved.

1. Claims: The researcher is claiming that a relationship exists between risk tolerance and the actions taken during the Prisoner's Dilemma Game.

2. Reasons: The claims of the researcher are based on previous studies surrounding the Prisoner's Dilemma and the affect of risk tolerance on behavior.

3. Evidence: Academic studies from related areas will be used to support the basic premise of the study. However, it is expected that the number of studies that support the premise of the study will be low, as this is an areas that has not yet received considerable attention. Therefore, research will have to be drawn from related areas of research from the two areas that are being merged.

4. Other Points-of-View: Only two articles could be found that mentioned the idea of risk and its association with the Prisoner's Dilemma. However, no academic articles could be found. Therefore, no opposing points-of-view on the topic could be found. It represents a new area of research on game theory.

5. Logical link between my evidence and my message: Although, this research merges ideas from two seemingly different areas of study, when one examines the topics it becomes apparent that a certain amount of risk is involved in the Prisoner's Dilemma. The risk lies in cooperation, because if the other person does not cooperate as well, then the player would theoretically get a 10-year prison sentence. There are risks and rewards in either choice in the Prisoner's Dilemma. However, the stakes are higher for the choice of cooperation than for defection. Therefore, it is reasonable that a person's risk tolerance level… READ MORE

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Quoted Instructions for "Applied Game Theory" Assignment:

“

I*****'m writing to you, since I need you to find me a clear, focused, original and unique PhD dissertation topic in Game Theory or Applied Game Theory. You may choose and tell me. The most important thing is that it should be an original topic, one which other authors have not yet considered and published anything on (or, almost, anything). I also want you to write, for the above-mentioned PhD dissertation topic in Game Theory, and Annotated Outline with a Storyboard and Expected Evidence from the research that will be needed. It must include all the main research questions, a clear Purpose Statement at the start, and purpose statements along with sub-questions (and, perhaps, some sub-sub-questions) for the various future chapters and/or sections within the chapters. It should an Outline with my desired message(s), the research questions, the research problems that I wish to help find solutions for, and the evidence I believe I need to answer my research questions. In very simple format, the entire Annotated Outline&Storyboard should have the following sub-divisions:

(A) Title Pages (incl. table of contents, acknowledgements, Abbreviations, Foreword or Executive Summary, etc.)

(B) Introduction

(C) Theoretical Section or chapter on Definitions&Rationale for the ResearchDesign (inductive/deductive, qualitative/quantitative)

(D) Data/Information from research (several chapters, if necessary)

(E) Analysis/Explanation

(F) Discussion (could be together with E)

(G) Conclusion

(H) Bibliography

(I) Annexes, etc. (If necessary)

So, in (B) or (C) draft the Main General Research Question. Underneath write, write the general types of information that I think I will need to find in my research to explain and support an answer to the question. Decide on the format of the question:

(1) Conceptual

(2) Practical

(3) Applied

Also, in (B) or (C) draft the General Purpose Statement that will be valid for the entire study, and in which I say what I would like to achieve with my study and how I think I will do this.

Indicate the choice of Research Design:

Qualitative/Quantitative

Inductive/Deductive

In (B) or (C) draft the Problem Statement in wich I say what the current research has not yet done, or what is missing that I think I can try to complete with my research-my study becomes a possible solution to the problem for the research community and thus a contribution to the body of research in this specialised field of study. General literature that I think will be needed from research. Sub-sections: Future Chapters or Sections in the Thesis or Essay:

(B) or (C) -4,5,6 ...) Write at least 3 sub-questions that follow from the Main General Question and the Purpose Statement.

Evidence expected from research: Under each of the three sub-questions, write the sources of information that I think I will need to find to explain and support an answer to the sub-question.

Critical evaluation of my research plan:

Under this (and again repeat under each sub-question) my anwers to at least the first 3 frist questions below, and, if possible, my answers also to numbers 4 and 5:

(1) What am I claiming?

(2) What are my reasons?

(3) What evidence supports my reasons?

(4) But what about other points of view?

(5) How are my reasons relevant to my claim (logical link between my evidence and what my message will be).

If more sub-questions are needed, add them and contiune the process.

The most important point here is that the sudy plan should be designed on *****"how*****" I will conduct my research for the specific research questions I have proposed to study.

How to Reference "Applied Game Theory" Research Proposal in a Bibliography

“Applied Game Theory.” A1-TermPaper.com, 2010, https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/risk-tolerance-prisoner/5742. Accessed 5 Oct 2024.

Applied Game Theory (2010). Retrieved from https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/risk-tolerance-prisoner/5742

A1-TermPaper.com. (2010). Applied Game Theory. [online] Available at: https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/risk-tolerance-prisoner/5742 [Accessed 5 Oct, 2024].

”Applied Game Theory” 2010. A1-TermPaper.com. https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/risk-tolerance-prisoner/5742.

”Applied Game Theory” A1-TermPaper.com, Last modified 2024. https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/risk-tolerance-prisoner/5742.

[1] ”Applied Game Theory”, A1-TermPaper.com, 2010. [Online]. Available: https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/risk-tolerance-prisoner/5742. [Accessed: 5-Oct-2024].

1. Applied Game Theory [Internet]. A1-TermPaper.com. 2010 [cited 5 October 2024]. Available from: https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/risk-tolerance-prisoner/5742

1. Applied Game Theory. A1-TermPaper.com. https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/risk-tolerance-prisoner/5742. Published 2010. Accessed October 5, 2024.

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