Research Proposal on "Respectable Army the Military Origins of the Republic 1763-1789"

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Respectable Army: The Military Origins of the Republic 1763-1789

James Kirby Martin and Mark Edward Lender. A Respectable Army: The Military Origins of the Republic, 1763-1789. Arlington Heights, Illinois: Harlan Davidson, 1982.

The myth of the American Revolution runs as follows -- America was made up of a rag-tag band of soldiers, ordinary yeoman farmers with little professional training. Through grit and a little bit of guile and guerrilla warfare, they won the independence of the new republic. Their spirit and devotion to liberty triumphed over British military professionalism. However, in a Respectable Army: The Military Origins of the Republic 1763-1789 historians James Kirby Martin and Mark Edward Lender dissect this dearly-cherished American cultural myth and search for the real truth. They state that if the American colonists had not assembled what George Washington called a 'respectable' army, based upon professional servicemen for hire, America would never have won its independence. These two historians paint an often-unflattering picture of the early citizen soldiers. These land-owning men wanted independence without paying the price of 'getting their hands' dirty. They expressed disdain of the 'real' soldiers conscripted later on, the soldiers who were mainly responsible for America's victory. America underwent a notable shift in its philosophy of defense, even before the creation of the new American nation. Americans had to realize that a man with a musket was not enough to protect a modern nation, and an organized standing army was necessary for a nation-state to thrive and survive.

The authors are uniquely qualified as a duo to write thi
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s military and cultural history, given that one has a background primarily in Revolutionary and colonial studies, the other in military history. Both men have collaborated before on histories of the period. James Kirby Martin is a Distinguished University Professor of History at the University of Houston, Texas. According to the university's history department website, Martin is a specialist in Colonial and Revolutionary American studies, and has authored many works 18th century America, most of which focus on the intersection of social and political history, such as Drinking in America: A History, 1620-1980, which he also wrote in conjunction with Mark Edward Lender. According to the Kean University website, Lender is a specialist in military history at Kean University but he also has a background in colonial social history which infuses his work beyond studies of mere military tactics.

Martin and Lender's central thesis is that what exists of the historical evidence of the period does not support the idea that the noble, unprofessional soldiers known as minutemen led the American fight for liberty. A dislike of an organized, standing army may have been articulated by some patriotic zealots before the fighting actually began. But the idea that farmers and country gentlemen could single-handedly oppose Her Majesty's Army was quashed by a cruel reality. Early victories may have occurred at Lexington and Concord but as the winter grew colder and crops began to rot in the field, men began to desert in flocks. General George Washington, a professional soldier who had fought honorably during the French and Indian wars soon demanded the means from the Constitutional Congress to create a "respectable" army -- in other words, a paid army who would agree to enlist for three years or the duration of the war. The constant threat of desertion is a sad testimony to the fleeting enthusiasm of the early patriots, and severely hampered Washington's early efforts. Soon, men for hire stocked the colonial army and did so for most of the war's successful duration. Transients, mercenaries, slaves compelled to labor in the service of the colonial army, royalists forced to serve on condition of their life being spared for 'treason,' landless men seeking to make their fortune, and many deserters from the Hessian army that had been forced to fight in the colonies formed the ranks. This has been forgotten because an army made of Europeans and slaves does not fit with our romantic ideals of liberty. Furthermore, going against the grain of the… READ MORE

Quoted Instructions for "Respectable Army the Military Origins of the Republic 1763-1789" Assignment:

Book Review Instructions

PURPOSE: The supplementary readings and written reviews are designed to accomplish three goals. First, to gain an understanding of the specific historical information contained in the book. Secondly, to acquire experience in analyzing written material by determining the underlying thesis of the work and examining the author*****s use of evidence in support of that thesis. Third, to increase skills in accurate written communication.

DEFINITION: A critical book review is a critique of a book containing analysis of the author*****s background, the thesis of the book, and the material in the book that the author presents in support of the thesis. A book review IS NOT a book report. The objective of the review IS NOT to present the book in a condensed form.

CONTENT: Your review should consist of six (6) paragraphs. It MUST be structured in the following manner.

Paragraph 1: Introduction

Introduce the book

Paragraph 2: Author Information

The reviewer should investigate the author*****s life in such sources as Who*****s Who in America, the Directory of American Scholars, or Contemporary Authors. Some of these sources may be found online, others may not. If not, a trip to any academic library will accomplish the goal. The reviewer should consider, for example, the author*****s academic and professional experience, the title/subjects of other books the author has published, his/her specialty or historical interest, the period in which the book was written, or any other information which might affect the author*****s point of view. Knowing something about an author can often provide insight into the author*****s perspective and reason for writing the book. However, include only such information as is pertinent to the author*****s qualifications to write the book.

Paragraph 3: Thesis of the Book

The thesis is the underlying theme of the work; this is the contention with which the author tries to get the reader to accept. Oftentimes, thesis pronouncements may be found in the introduction, preface, foreword, and/or conclusion of book. However, the thesis may not be declared per se in some books. Nevertheless, the student can determine the thesis by noting the particular interpretation of the book*****s subject that the author presented. For example, if information is included in the book revealing how the author*****s point of view differs from other accounts, this data provides an indication for the reviewer to ascertain the thesis of the book.

After identifying the thesis, the reviewer should comment on how the author attempted to support his/her thesis and evaluate the effectiveness of the author*****s evidence. Refer to only the sections of the book which are pertinent to this discussion. Do not try to summarize the entire book, render a chapter-by-chapter description, provide a thumbnail sketch of the plot, or retell the story.

Paragraph 4: Methodology

In this section, the reviewer should analyze how the author presents his/her argument. You should comment on such points as the following: organization (chronological or topical); style (narrative/analytical); readability (*****scholarly***** or *****popular***** reader appeal); balance (author*****s possible bias); internal consistency (contradictions detected in the book); research methods that the author utilized to write the book (primary/secondary sources indicated in footnotes and/or bibliography). Insure that balance is established in the review. Address both the weak and strong points of the work. The perfect book (perfectly bad, or perfectly good) has not been written.

Paragraph 5: Other Book Reviews

Conclude your review by providing what other reviewers have said about the book. Locate reviews of the book using a library resource such as Book Review Digest. Book Review Digest is not a journal; it is an index for locating journal articles. Use only historical journals for your reviews. Once again, some of these sources may be found online, but most historical journals will not be offered online without purchasing a subscription. This obstacle can be rectified by a quick trip to any academic library.

After locating the other reviews include the comments of at least one in your essay. You may either paraphrase or quote the reviewer. Cite the review using the following format: (Journal, volume #, date, page #). A citation would look something like this: (American Historical Review, 65, June 1975, 115.)

Paragraph 6: Conclusion

Provide any concluding remarks.

FORMAT:

1. Your book review must be composed in essay form. It should be arranged with a distinct introduction, body and conclusion, but should not utilize section or paragraph headings/numbers.

2. Book reviews must be typed (black ink), not less than three and one-half or more than four pages in length, with double spacing throughout and one and one-half inch margins. Use a font size of 12.

3. This should be a finished paper that exhibits proper grammar, punctuation, and spelling. Eliminate all typographical errors by retyping the page---do not make pen-and-ink or editing corrections.

4. To give an authoritative style to your work, do not write in first person (omit words such as I, me, my, etc.)

5. Avoid the repetition of words.

6. Avoid the use of contractions (ex. don*****t, can*****t, won*****t, etc.)

7. Avoid purple prose (really creative writing).

8. Quoting: There are a few rules to follow when quoting from the book. 1.) The quote must be part of your sentence, not standing alone or in a block quote format. 2.) Cite the quote by placing the page number of the quoted text in parentheses at the end of the sentence. 3.) Use quotes sparingly---no more than one or two at the most.

9. No cover sheet is required. Place student name, course number, and date in top left-hand corner of the first page (single spaced). Place a bibliographical citation of the book (centered) as a title of the review. An example is offered below:

Joe Doe

Hist. 2301.131

May 10, 2001

Paul D. Lack. The Texas Revolutionary Experience: A Political and Social History, 1835-1836. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1992.

10. DO NOT use a Works Cites page. Cite the book reviews using the following format. At the end of the sentence or paragraph where the review is cited include the following information. (Journal, volume #, date A citation would look something like this: (American Historical Review, 65, June 1975, 115.), page #).

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