Thesis on "Why Clean Renewable Energy Is Imperative to Our Future"

Thesis 8 pages (2552 words) Sources: 10 Style: MLA

[EXCERPT] . . . .

Renewable Energy

The United States is facing a seminal moment in terms of energy policy. Since 1970, the percentage of our oil that has been imported has increased from 24% to 70% (Pickens, 2008). While some of this oil comes from close allies such as Canada, Mexico, and the United Kingdom the majority of it comes from producers with whom we have a more adversarial relationship such as Venezuela and the Middle East. This represents a serious national security issue because we have become dependent on countries that, if not our enemies, are certainly not our friends.

Compounding the problem of foreign oil dependence is the fact that oil is not a renewable resource. Some observers believe we reached peak oil in 2005 (Pickens, 2008). This means that oil production is declining; consumption continues to rise. Moreover, most of the world's proven reserves - and all of its good ones - have been discovered. New oil that is exploited now is more difficult and more expensive to reach than the reserves we are currently tapping. The world's current oil reserves may only last another hundred years before they are completely spent. In order to maintain our current standard of living, we will need to develop alternate fuel sources.

There are several alternatives to oil dependence currently in the pipeline. These include other fossil fuels like natural gas, of which the U.S. has significant proven reserves, and clean energy sources. While natural gas can provide a valuable bridge for us, ultimately we will run into the same problem with gas as we have with oil - it is non-renewable and therefore we will run out of it. Like oil, gas pollutes. Greenhouse gas emissions f
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rom the burning of fossil fuels have caused global warming, which is widely believed to have catastrophic consequences in the next hundred years. In order to solve the problems of foreign oil dependence and greenhouse gas emissions simultaneously, we must focus our energy policy towards the development of clean, renewable energy resources.

Global warming has several potential consequences, none of which are desirable. The most important of these is that the increase in global air temperature is melting polar ice caps. Arctic Ocean ice is now expected to completely disappear in the summer by 2020, thirty years ahead of predictions just a few years earlier (Zabarenko, 2007). This will have two consequences. One is that it will accelerate the pace of global warming. The other is that it will contribute to a rise in sea levels. This will inundate coastal cities around the world, forcing the relocation of upwards of a billion people.

Another consequence of global warming is its impact on the world's climate. This will impact different areas in different ways, but overall it will change our crop patterns, our ability to find clean water, our living and migration habits and other macro-level societal changes. Massive casualties can be expected as a result of these changes. The longer we wait to react to this, the worse the problem will become.

Global warming is directly linked to emissions from fossil fuels. The rapid acceleration in global warming in recent decades is directly related to the rise in automobile culture in the developed world and to the industrialization of formerly undeveloped nations, especially in Asia. By adopting clean energy resources, we can help to staunch the development of global warming. Wind power and solar energy are the two leading clean energy sources in the U.S. today (Redford, 2002). Neither of these sources generates greenhouse gases. In addition to helping reduce our own carbon emissions footprint, the United States can provide a model for other countries with significant energy needs to follow, magnifying the effects of our actions.

The second reason why we should pursue alternative energy resources is to help provide jobs domestically. Most of the jobs in oil exploration, drilling and development are located in the centers of production. Most of those centers are in other countries. When we purchase foreign oil, we are essentially transferring wealth to those other countries. Yet, that is wealth that could be kept here at home. This wealth transfer impacts our balance of trade, increases our deficit and as a result weakens our economy.

The amount of job potential from developing clean energy sources can only be approximated. Montana governor Brian Schweitzer estimated that President-elect Obama's clean energy stimulus plan will generate five million new jobs in the next ten years. This estimate is supported by the results in Iowa. By investing hundreds of millions of dollars in renewable energy, that state has created over 100,000 jobs in the sector (Environmental News Service, 2008).

Green energy jobs come in a wide range of forms. The most important of these forms is in technology development. These high-end positions are beneficial in a couple of ways. First, the opportunity to generate these jobs will keep as much top engineering talent in the country as possible. Our engineering schools are filled with foreign students who can be convinced to stay if we have jobs that are sufficiently exciting and well-paying. These positions will also contribute significantly to our tax base because of the tax rates on the high level of income.

An additional benefit is that green energy jobs are often located away from major centers. The Iowa example is just one case. Similar rural green energy job creation has been seen in Colorado and West Texas. This has a couple of benefits. First the spread of quality jobs away from major urban centers has positive environmental impacts as congestion and smog in those centers is reduced. Second, green energy jobs are created in areas of the country that have not seen strong job creation in years. Green energy represents one of the most significant job creation opportunities in the rural American history.

There are other significant economic benefits as well. When green energy creates jobs and energy production domestically, this reduces the wealth transfer to foreign countries. This improves our balance of trade, strengthens the dollar and improves the wealth of the nation in a manner that is productive rather than destructive. Additionally, green energy will reduce worldwide demand for oil. Currently, the United States represents 25% of world oil consumption (Pickens, 2008). A reduction in our oil consumption will impact the global oil market. This reduction in demand, especially if coupled with clean energy initiatives in other major oil consumers, will allow oil prices to stabilize, lending further benefit to our balance of trade.

Oil dependence has also been cited as a major national security issue, for the dependence it creates on nations and regions that are unstable at worst and unfriendly at best. Much of the conflict of the past seven years has been attributed at least in part to our dependence on foreign oil. Clean energy is a domestic solution to this problem. As a result, the development of clean energy resources will make a significant contribution to our national security policy and will help improve our national safety.

Another significant benefit to the development of clean energy is that it will help to lower our energy costs. As mentioned, the price of oil is in part dependent on supply and demand. While this is not always the case - the recent decline in oil prices is the result of OPEC pursuing a lower price to influence the Obama administration to postpone its energy independence initiatives - a reduction in U.S. demand can be expected to depress the price of oil. This will have the effect of lowering our energy costs.

Energy costs will also be lowered by the use of solar panels. The United States receives the second-most sunlight of any OECD country after Australia. Sunlight resources are often harnesses at the individual building level, with solar panels on roofs. The initial cost of solar panels is almost the entire cost so that once they are installed, the variable cost of energy is very low. Moreover, homeowners could increase their own wealth by selling excess energy back into the utility grid, the way that smelters and other independent power producers do (USA Today editorial, 2008).

The other major clean energy source in the United States is wind power. As with solar power, costs are relatively high now, but these are dropping as the industry begins to achieve economies of scale. Promotion of clean energy development through tax breaks and other incentives will allow for these nascent industries to achieve the economies of scale required to compete. At that point, they are expected to provide energy more cheaply than the oil industry. This is in part due to lower infrastructure costs once economies of scale are achieved, but also due to lower transportation costs. Transportation is one of the most significant cost drivers in the energy business, so locally-produced energy, even if it costs more to produce, will cost less to bring to market. All told, green energy initiatives represent a significant opportunity to lower our energy costs.

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Quoted Instructions for "Why Clean Renewable Energy Is Imperative to Our Future" Assignment:

This paper must be 8 pages with bibliography on the 9th page, all the paper and works cited in MLA style. It must be written in size 12 font and double spaced. There is no limit on the number of parenthetical citations being used. No footnotes are needed. A total of at least10 sources MUST be used. You can have 11 sources if needed. Only three are allowed to be internet sources. Two can be from field research, such as a survey or interview. The rest of the sources must come from magazines, journals, periodicals, books. I need to argue the point (it is a Persuasive paper) on why the use of clean, renewable energy is needed to be implemented. My THESIS is based on this:

(from my research paper proposal- please do not write "I feel"... "I think"... or "I believe"... or any other first person narrative in the paper)"The three major points I will make will show how clean energy usage will work for us and not against us. First, it will provide a better environment and mitigate global warming. Second, it will help the economy by providing more jobs. Third, it will lower the cost of fuels needed to run our industrialized nation, thereby reducing our dependence on foreign oil which has caused grave matters of national security and war between the U.S. and the Middle East".

The opposition, or other side, also needs to be mentioned in the paper. the opposition listed in my proposal was:

"In opposition, I will provide information on how it is seen by some that there are reasons for concern in switching to clean energy usage. I will also show how they feel the there is no real threat in global warming as well as their thoughts on America*****s dependence on foreign oil."

Here is a list of some of the sources to be used that were found via internet through my school library's online database:

#1.)AL General

AT ENERGY: Renewable power, alternative fuel measures early losers.

AU ***** R. Baker

CT San Francisco Chronicle

DE Alternative fuels

DE Renewable energy

DP Nov 5, 2008 pA10

IC 22 Utilities

IC 2900 PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS

LW A10

ND 20081105

PB San Francisco Chronicle

PT Newspaper

RM COPYRIGHT 2008 Gale, Cengage Learning

SN 1932-8672

SU Alternative energy sources

XX 475

ZZ

Source: San Francisco Chronicle, Nov 5, 2008 pA10.

Title: ENERGY: Renewable power, alternative fuel measures early losers.

Author: ***** R. Baker

Subjects: Alternative energy sources

SIC code: 2900

Electronic Collection: CJ188434835

RN: CJ188434835



Full Text COPYRIGHT 2008 San Francisco Chronicle

Byline: ***** R. Baker; Chronicle Staff *****

Two state ballot measures that would dramatically expand California's use of

renewable power and alternative fuels appeared headed for defeat Tuesday

night.

Proposition 7 would force California's electrical utilities to get 50 percent

of their power from renewable sources by 2025, a big jump from the state's

current goal of 20 percent by the end of 2010. And Prop. 10 would offer

rebates for cars and trucks that burn natural gas or alternative fuels, with

the money coming from $5 billion in state bonds.

Both were losing by double-digit margins late Tuesday.

"People do want more clean, renewable power in California," said Jim

Metropulos, senior advocate for the Sierra Club, one of several environmental

groups that opposed Prop. 7. "I think people in California were able to see

that Prop. 7, the way it was written, was not going to work."

Both propositions touch on issues dear to Californians: energy and global

warming. But both measures provoked fierce resistance, much of it from

environmentalists.

An odd alliance of big electric utility companies and environmental groups

fought against Prop. 7, saying it was so badly written that it would actually

slow the development of renewable power, not speed it. And critics blasted

Prop. 10 as a money grab by Texas oil tycoon T. Boone Pickens, whose company

Clean Energy Fuels sells natural gas for use in vehicles. The company provided

almost all of Prop. 10's $22.5 million campaign fund.

"This has proved that one special interest, no matter how rich it is, can't

hoodwink Californians into passing a measure that just lines that interest's

pockets," said Richard Holober, executive director of the Consumer Federation

of California.

Supporters of each proposition, however, described their measures as the kinds

of big,bold steps needed to help California fight climate change and wean

itself off imported oil.

Prop. 7 would have forced California utilities to increase their use of

renewable power by 2 percentage points each year. By 2025, 50 percent of the

electricity they sell to customers would have had to come from such sources as

the sun or the wind. The process for granting government permits to renewable

energy projects would have been streamlined.

Critics said that under the proposition's complex language, smaller renewable

energy projects would not count toward the 50 percent goal. Many renewable

energy developers joined the opposition as a result.

Prop. 7 supporters, however, insisted that their opponents misread the measure

and that smaller projects would indeed count. Supporters portrayed the

opposition campaign as a front for utility companies that don't want to use

more renewable power. Utilities were the largest contributors to the $29.8

million campaign against Prop. 7, with San Francisco's Pacific Gas and

Electric Co. spending $13.9 million to defeat the measure.

E-mail ***** R. Baker at dbaker@sfchronicle.com.

#2.) petroleum democracy ownership

We Want Independence, But Mainstream Politicians Don't

foreign oil Middle East The Highest Patriotism Lies in Weaning U.S. From Fossil Fuels

A vital part of America's anti-terrorism strategy is to end U.S. dependence on foreign oil -- but neither the Democrats nor the Republicans seem to be aware of this.

Here is an interesting editorial by Robert Redford; it originally appeared in the Los Angeles Times and is being circulated by www.evworld.com

by Robert Redford

The Bush White House talks tough on military matters in the Middle East while remaining virtually silent about the long-term problem posed by U.S. dependence on fossil fuels. Failing to rein in our dependence on imported oil gives leverage to undemocratic and unstable regimes. Wasteful consumption of fossil fuels creates political liabilities overseas, air pollution at home and global warming. The rate at which the United States burns fossil fuels has made our country a leading contributor to global warming.

The Bush administration's energy policy to date -- a military garrison in the Middle East and drilling for more oil in the Arctic and other fragile habitats -- is costly, dangerous and self- defeating.

Despite the absence of leadership on energy security in Washington, some local efforts are paying off. Last year, San Francisco voters overwhelmingly approved a $100-million bond initiative to pay for solar panels, wind power and energy efficiency for public buildings. The measure was supported not only by the environmental community but also by the Chamber of Commerce, labor unions and the American Lung Assn.

San Francisco's first solar project, a $5.2-million energy- efficiency upgrade at the Moscone Convention Center, was dedicated last month. What's the straight economic benefit of this particular project? Plenty. The upgrades and the panels combined will cut energy consumption in the building by as much as 38%, and the project will pay for itself from energy savings. The net savings to taxpayers after debt service is subtracted are projected to be more than $200,000 a year.

American rooftops can be the Persian Gulf of solar energy. After Australia, no developed nation on Earth gets more annual sunlight than the United States. In addition, wind is now the fastest-growing energy source worldwide and one of the cheapest. But wind and solar power generate less than 2% of U.S. power. We can do better.

We can increase auto fuel economy standards to 40 miles per gallon. The technology to achieve that goal exists now. Phasing in that standard by 2012 would save 15 times more oil than Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is likely to produce over 50 years. We could also give tax rebates for existing hybrid gas-electric vehicles that get as much as 60 mpg, and invest in mass transit.

These measures would keep energy dollars in the American economy, reduce air pollution and create jobs at home.

The benefits of switching to a mostly pollution-free economy would be considerable, and the costs of failing to do so would be steep. Prolonging our dependence on fossil fuels would guarantee homeland insecurity. If you are worried about getting oil from an unstable Persian Gulf, consider the alternatives: Indonesia, Nigeria, Uzbekistan.

If we want energy security, then we have to reduce our appetite for fossil fuels. There's no other way. Other issues may crowd the headlines, but this is our fundamental challenge.

Big challenges require bold action and leadership. To get the United States off fossil fuels in this uneasy national climate of terrorism and conflict in the Persian Gulf, we must treat the issue with the urgency and persistence it deserves. The measure of our success will be the condition in which we leave the world for the next generation.

Weaning our nation from fossil fuels should be understood as the most patriotic policy to which we can commit ourselves.

------------------

Robert Redford is an actor, director, entrepreneur and environmentalist.

#3. In regards to foreign oil and how it is felt to be linked to the national security issue and war in the Persian Gulf. http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/aug2008/2008-08-27-01.asp in regards to wars over foreign oil.

#4.)

AL General

AT Time for national standards.(NEWS)(power production from renewable energy

sources)(Editorial)

CT USA Today

DE Electric power generation_Laws, regulations and rules

DE Electric power generation_Production management

DE Renewable energy_Usage

DP Oct 20, 2008 p12A

GN Colorado_Energy policy

GN Texas_Energy policy

IC 22111 Electric Power Generation

IC 22 Utilities

IC 4911 Electric services

IC 2900 PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS

LW 12A

NA Editorial

ND 20081031

PB USA Today

PT Newspaper

RM COPYRIGHT 2008 Gale, Cengage Learning

SN 0734-7456

SU Electric power production_Laws, regulations and rules

SU Electric power production_Production management

SU Alternative energy sources_Usage

SU Laws, regulations and rules

SU Production management

SU Usage

SU Energy policy

ZZ

Source: USA Today, Oct 20, 2008 p12A.

Title: Time for national standards.(NEWS)(power production from renewable

energy sources)(Editorial)

Subjects: Colorado - Energy policy

Texas - Energy policy

Electric power production - Laws, regulations and rules

Electric power production - Production management

Alternative energy sources - Usage

Locations: Colorado; Texas; United States

SIC code: 4911; 2900

Electronic Collection: CJ187463189

RN: CJ187463189



Full Text COPYRIGHT 2008 USA Today

In west Texas, where oil *****s might outnumber liberals, the notion of

producing electricity from renewable sources such as wind is surprisingly

popular.

It started back in the mid-1990s, when Texans realized they had become net

importers of fossil fuels, a blow to the state's wildcatter image. Worse yet,

the state had some of the poorest air quality in the nation.

In 1999 that led the state, under then-governor George W. Bush, to set power

production targets for energy generation from renewables, which turned out to

be mostly wind. The experiment went so well that in 2005, Texas upped its

renewable goal again, this time vowing to produce enough clean power by 2015

to equal 10 large coal plants -- a target the state expects to surpass by the

end of this year.

Similarly, Colorado started with a goal of getting 10% of its energy from

renewables, then the state upped it to 20% by 2020 when that goal was easily

reached. Better yet, the state's utilities -- forced to look for new sources

-- turned to homeowners who installed solar roof panels or other alternative

energy generators. That's an extraordinarily efficient system because energy

is wasted when electricity has to be delivered over vast distances.

Texas and Colorado are among 27 states that have set enforceable standards for

power production from energy sources such as wind and solar. On Nov. 4, voters

in two more -- California and Missouri -- will have a say on renewable energy

initiatives. That is great news for energy independence -- just not quite

enough of it.

Setting an aggressive national standard could dramatically accelerate the

trend, as could tax incentives that would encourage homeowners to invest in

generating their own power.

Opponents say national standards, such as the 25% of power from renewable

energy by 2025 supported by Barack Obama, are either unrealistic or best left

to the states. John McCain supports renewable energy but has not proposed

standards.

Despite the success stories from Texas and Colorado, though, there are good

reasons to embrace a national standard. Most of the 27 states have set

standards only high enough to boost power from renewable sources to about 7%

of production by 2020.

That number could rise sharply if homeowners see profit in powering their

homes with wind or solar energy, which tax deductions and the ability to sell

energy to utilities could do. Prices for solar and wind equipment are likely

to drop as rising demand lets the nascent industries in those fields achieve

economies of scale.

There are other incentives, as well. With the introduction of mass-produced

plug-in cars scheduled for 2010, the nation's electrical grid is likely to

take on an increased burden, pressing power prices upward.

Meeting that demand with alternative energy not only would save consumers

money, it also would mitigate global warming and enhance national security by

reducing reliance on foreign oil.

With oil and natural gas prices falling, national standards would help ensure

that all the momentum toward renewables isn't thrown to the four winds.

#5.) Energy Policy: Let's Not Repeat the Mistakes of the '70s http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/wm2004.cfm

#6.)

renewable energy

also called alternative energy

usable energy derived from replenishable sources such as the Sun (solar energy), wind (wind power), rivers (hydroelectric power), hot springs (geothermal energy), tides (tidal power), and biomass (biofuels).

At the beginning of the 21st century, about 80 percent of the world's energy supply was derived from fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Fossil fuels are finite resources; most estimates suggest that the proven reserves of oil are large enough to meet global demand at least until the middle of the 21st century. Fossil fuel combustion has a number of negative environmental consequences. Fossil-fueled power plants emit air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and toxic chemicals (heavy metals: mercury, chromium, and arsenic), and mobile sources, such as fossil-fueled vehicles, emit nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. Exposure to these pollutants can cause heart disease, asthma, and other human health problems. In addition, emissions from fossil fuel combustion are responsible for acid rain, which has led to the acidification of many lakes and consequent damage to aquatic life, leaf damage in many forests, and the production of smog in or near many urban areas. Furthermore, the burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide (CO2), one of the main greenhouse gases that cause global warming.

In contrast, renewable energy sources accounted for nearly 20 percent of global energy consumption at the beginning of the 21st century, largely from traditional uses of biomass such as wood for heating and cooking. About 15 percent of the world's total electricity comes from large hydroelectric power plants, whereas other types of renewable energy (such as solar, wind, and geothermal) account for 3.4 percent of total electricity generation.

Growth in wind power exceeded 20 percent and photovoltaics grew at 30 percent annually in the 1990s, and renewable energy technologies continue to expand. By 2007 more than 60 countries had adopted policy targets to increase the proportion of energy they derive from renewable sources. The European Union (EU), which produced an estimated 6.38 percent of its energy from renewable sources in 2005, adopted a goal in 2007 to raise that figure to 20 percent by 2020. The goal includes plans to cut emissions of carbon dioxide by 20 percent and to ensure that 10 percent of all fuel consumption come from biofuels. In the United States, numerous states have responded to concerns over climate change and reliance on imported fossil fuels by setting goals to increase renewable energy over time. For example, California has required its major utility companies to produce 20 percent of their electricity from renewable sources by 2010.

Noelle Eckley Selin

To cite this page:

* MLA style:

" renewable energy ." Encyclopædia Britannica. . Encyclopædia Britannica Online. .

* APA style:

renewable energy . (). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved , , from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9443101

#7.)Works Cited

Quinn, Barbara. "Rethinking Renewable Energy." Pollution Engineering 40.4 (Apr. 2008): 27-27. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. [Library name], [City], [State abbreviation]. 6 Nov. 2008 .

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