Research Proposal on "Sleep Deprivation and Its Neurotransmitters"
Research Proposal 5 pages (1366 words) Sources: 6 Style: MLA
[EXCERPT] . . . .
REM Sleep DeprivationThe complex neurochemistry of the sleep wake cycle has been researched much over the last few decades. It is clear that REM deprivation causes the brain cellular machinery to trigger various neurobiological responses involving selective expression of genes, down regulation and upregulation of neurotransmitters, as well as reorganization of excitatory synapses.
Sleep is an indispensable physiological function for all living beings. The rejuvenating and refreshing effects of sleep are well-known and over the last few decades there have been numerous research on sleep. The negative effects of sleep deprivation or sleep restriction have been analyzed by many researchers and we now understand some of the basic neurological mechanisms of sleep. It is well-known that sleep deprivation affects the thalamocortical circuits that are important for cognitive functions among other regions of the brain. Research has also documented decline in psychomotor performance due to sleep deprivation. If prolonged for long time, sleep deprivation is even fatal. Besides the well-known effects of sleep on the processing of memory, it also affects other biological processes such as immune function, energy metabolism, appetite and the expression of various genes. The neurotransmitters that are involved in the sleep wake cycle and the effects of sleep deprivation on these transmitters are the subjects of intense study in the field of neurobiology of sleep. A brief overview of some research studies pertaining to sleep deprivation and the neurotransmitter changes will provide better insight into the topic.
Sleep Deprivation (Literature Review)
<
download full paper ⤓
Basheer et.al (1998) also studied the effects of REM deprivation on the neurochemical changes in the locus coeruleus region of the brain. The rats involved in the experiment were deprived of REM sleep for 1, 3 and 5 days and then killed and the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and norepinephrine transporter (NET) mRNA were measured using in situ hybridization technique. There were considerable differences between the levels of TH and NET mRNA in the LC of the experimental and control group rats. Since the use of tricyclic antidepressants induces similar changes in levels of TH and NET mRNA, REM sleep deprivation could be useful as a therapy for depression. This research also shows that an increase in norepinephrine activity reduces REM sleep. [Basheer et.al (1998)]
2004 study by Pedrazzoli et.al focused on the effect of REM sleep deprivation on the levels of hippocampal beta-adrenergic receptors. It is already known from previous research that REM deprivation results in a significant reduction of beta-adrenergic receptors in the cortical region. For the study the researchers conducted binding of [3H]-dihydroalprenolol ([3H]-DHA to both the hippocampus as well as the brainstem membranes. Brain homogenates were prepared from rats that were sleep deprived for more than 96 hours. Non-specific binding of both the hippocampus and the brainstem homogenates was determined using DL-propranolol and L-isoproterenol respectively. A marked reduction in beta-adrenergic receptors in both the hippocampus and the brainstem regions were observed. Since similar down… READ MORE
Quoted Instructions for "Sleep Deprivation and Its Neurotransmitters" Assignment:
Author in single phrase, page number in parentheses
REFERENCES:
1-Majumdar S, Mallick BN. Neuroscience. 2005;135(3): 679-90. Cytomorphometric changes in rat brain neurons after rapid eye movement sleep deprivation.
2- Majumdar S, Mallick BN. Neurosci Lett. 2003 Mar 6; 338(3): 193-6. Increased levels of tyrosine hyd*****lase and glutamic acid decarboxylase in locus coeruleus neurons after rapid eye movement sleep deprivation in rats.
3- Basheer R, Magner M, McCarley RW, Shiromani PJ. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. REM sleep deprivation increases the levels of tyrosine hyd*****lases and norepinephrine transport mRNA in the locus coeruleus.
4-Yang SP, Pau KY, Spies HG. J Mol Endocrinol. 1997 Dec; 19(3): 311-9. Tyrosine hyd*****lase and norepinephrine transport mRNA levels increase locus coerulus after coitus in rabbits.
5- Pedrazzoli M, Benedito MA. Pharma Biochem Behav. 2004 Sep; 79(1): 31-6. Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation-induced down- regulated of beta-adrenergic receptors in the rat brainstem and hippocampus.
6-Hipolide DC, Tufik S, Rayond R, Nobrega JN. Neuroscience. 1998 Oct; 86(3): 977-87. Heterogeneous effects of rapid eye movement sleep deprivation on binding to alpha- and beta- adrenergic receptor subtypes in rat brain.
*****
How to Reference "Sleep Deprivation and Its Neurotransmitters" Research Proposal in a Bibliography
“Sleep Deprivation and Its Neurotransmitters.” A1-TermPaper.com, 2008, https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/rem-sleep-deprivation-complex/9927051. Accessed 4 Oct 2024.
Related Research Proposals:
Relationship Between Stress and the Human Body Essay
PTSD pathogenesis is linked to dysfunction of the complement system, including complement classical pathway being in a hyperactive state and the complement terminal pathway being in a hypoactive state as… read more
Essay 28 pages (7735 words) Sources: 22 Topic: Psychology / Behavior / Psychiatry
Reinforcement the Post-Reinforcement Pause a Behavior Pattern Essay
Reinforcement
The Post-Reinforcement Pause
A behavior pattern that is typically bimodal is produced by a constant ratio schedule of reinforcement (Ferster and Skinner, 1957). It has been observed that the… read more
Essay 6 pages (1854 words) Sources: 3 Style: APA Topic: Psychology / Behavior / Psychiatry
Depression All in the Mind? Term Paper
Depression
ALL in the MIND?
Depression and Physical Activity
Depression has been described as a lingering feeling of sadness and hopelessness, characterized by low mood, and directly or indirectly linked… read more
Term Paper 7 pages (2041 words) Sources: 8 Style: APA Topic: Sports / Exercise / Fitness
How Schizophrenia Affects Development and Aging Research Paper
Schizophrenia Affects Development & Aging
Although schizophrenia is a mental disorder known for developing in late adolescence or early adulthood, recent studies reveal differences in brain chemistry beginning much earlier.… read more
Research Paper 3 pages (1188 words) Sources: 3 Topic: Psychology / Behavior / Psychiatry
Fri, Oct 4, 2024
If you don't see the paper you need, we will write it for you!
We can write a new, 100% unique paper!