Term Paper on "Reasoning Them Out, and Believing the Result"

Term Paper 4 pages (1187 words) Sources: 0 Style: APA

[EXCERPT] . . . .

reasoning them out, and believing the result of this reasoning process. In terms of the first element, asking questions also involves recognizing the fact that there are questions that can be asked. Reasoning out the answers to these questions means that an individual is thinking actively about the question and its possible responses. The answers are not predetermined by others or by expectations. Reasoning out answers means that the individual provides his own responses without relying on others for more than inspiration.

Finally, believing the results means that the individual has found answers that he or she finds intrinsically reasonable and reliable. The certainty behind this is that the individual has, by reasoning, found the answers that are the best possible option.

One major misconception about critical thinking is that it is negative. The word "critical" is often equated with the action of criticizing something. In critical thinking, however, the connotation is rather that thinking is applied in a thorough and conscious manner in order to gain insight into the target of thought. Judgments are made in terms of the content, and conclusions drawn.

It is also possible to apply critical thinking when negative judgments are made about one's work or input. A person can apply critical thinking to the judgment, discard what is irrelevant and learn from what is applicable. In this way, the negative emotion is removed and the experience is transformed into positive learning.

3. Critical thinking is by definition clear thinking. While negative emotions such as rage or panic can influence the clarity necessary for such thinking, it is also important to recognize that some emotions do play an important role in such thinking. Emotions such as love for example help critical thinking about effectively handling one's relationships.

Emotions also provide data according to which effective decisions can be made. Living close to persons that are important to an individual for example can influence the decision to move for the sake of a job offer, for example. Furthermore, the emotion of fear could serve as a valuable warning factor in making critical decisions. Emotion is an innate part of humanity, and can be used effectively towards critical thinking.

4. The five concepts that impede critical thinking are based upon actions that accept a certain worldview without questioning it. The first is forming a view of the world based upon the news. Newsworthy events are generally sensationalist in nature for the purpose of attracting more viewers, and is therefore not accurate or realistic. Forming a view of the world on the basis of media such as the movies, television, advertising or magazines is more positive, but equally detrimental to critical thinking. This discourages critical thinking and promotes acceptance at face value.

The media also often encourage types of general thinking that does not promote critical thinking. One of these is all-or-nothing thinking, or other absolutist forms of thinking such as stereotyping. Such thinking is often the result of education or growing up within certain types of society. Some forms of education and schooling also encourage this. In education, children are sometimes discouraged from critical thinking by being expected to obey rules without question. Fear can also discourage critical thinking by impeding a person's willingness to take chances or learn new things.

5. The "sponge" concept of thinking is an approach that absorbs information in an unquestioning fashion. The main purpose is to absorb as much information as possible. The main advantage is that it teaches the learner as much as possible about the world for later use. It… READ MORE

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