Thesis on "Parkinson's Disease: Family & Cultural Study"
Thesis 4 pages (1214 words) Sources: 4 Style: APA
[EXCERPT] . . . .
Parkinson's DiseaseFAMILY and CULTURAL STUDY of PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Brown, Rumsby, Capleton, Rushton and Levy (2006) state that Parkinson's disease (PD) is "...idiopathic disease of the nervous system characterized by progressive tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability." It is reported by Wood-Kaczmar, Gandhi and Wood (2006) that Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is both common and incurable. The majority of cases are sporadic and of unknown origin but several genes have been identified that, when mutated, give rise to rare, familial forms of the disease. The work of Hancock et al. (2008) states that Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by "...progressive depletion of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra that manifests clinically as resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Causal genetic variants in multiple genes (parkin, ?-synuclein, DJ-1, PINK1, and LRRK2) have been identified, but altogether, these rare genetic risk factors account for a small fraction of the overall prevalence of PD. The remaining majority of PD cases are likely due to genetic susceptibility variants, environmental influences, and complex gene-environment interactions."
II. Objective
The focus of this present study is to examine a specific population of individuals in regards to prevalence of this group in developing Parkinson's disease. This study has chosen to examine a population that has been exposed to farming chemicals and well water and who have developed this disease.
III. Literature Review
A. Environmental Factors
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It is reported that the larger part of the studies reported consistently that risk of PD was elevated upon exposure to rural living and farming environmental factors. However, "Dose-response relationships could not be established due to the imprecise nature of the reported data. Our findings suggest that living in a rural area, drinking well water, farming, and exposure to pesticides may be a risk factor for developing PD." (Priyadarshi, Khuder, Schaub and Priyadarshi, 2001)
In a 2008 report entitled: "Pesticide Exposure and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Family-Based Case-Control Study" it is stated that "pesticides and correlated lifestyle factors (e.g. exposure to well-water and farming) are repeatedly reported risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD) but few family-based studies have examined these relationships." (Hancock, et al., 2008)
In a separate study reported by Fleming, et al. (1994) entitled: 'Parkinson's Disease and Brain Levels of Organoclorine Pesticides" states as follows:
Epidemiological studies have suggested an etiologic relationship between pesticide exposure and Parkinson's disease (PD). Organochlorine pesticides were assayed in postmortem brain samples from 20 PD, 7 Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 14 nonneurological control cases. The three groups were similar in age at death, sex, and demographic variables. Only two of 16 pesticide residues screened were detected." (Fleming, et al., 1994)
However, there was a long-lasting residue of DDT found in the majority of Parkinson's disease cases. Additionally Dieldrin was detected "in 6 of 20 PD brains, 1 of 7 AD, and in none of the 14 control samples. Fleming et al. (1994) states: "Despite the relatively small number of brains assayed, the association between Dieldrin and the diagnosis of PD was highly significant (p = 0.03). Dieldrin, a lipid-soluble, long-lasting mitochondrial poison, should… READ MORE
Quoted Instructions for "Parkinson's Disease: Family and Cultural Study" Assignment:
I would like to request ***** for this -------------------------> Culture and Disease Paper
(Parkinsen's Disease)
As part of your investigation, select a population of interest. For example, a particular race or ethnicity and how they relate to your infectious disease. In a 1,400-1,750 word paper explore the social and cultural aspects of the disease. Include the following information:
a. Describe the agent of disease.
b. Describe the factors that make this particular population vulnerable to the disease.
c. Describe environmental factors that make the population vulnerable to the disease.
d. What are the modes for disease transmission?
e. What methods are used to control the spread of the disease? Are there alternative methods used by the selected population for treatment? What is the effect of alternate treatments?
f. What role do social and/or cultural influences play in the disease for a particular population? What are the effects of the populations***** beliefs and values have on treatment options?
How to Reference "Parkinson's Disease: Family and Cultural Study" Thesis in a Bibliography
“Parkinson's Disease: Family and Cultural Study.” A1-TermPaper.com, 2009, https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/parkinson-disease-family-cultural/98226. Accessed 27 Sep 2024.
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