Term Paper on "Oedipus the King According to Aristotle's Definition"

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Oedipus the King According to Aristotle's Definition Of Tragedy

As an admirer of Sophocles, Aristotle considered the play Oedipus the King the perfect tragedy. This tragedy was also used as a basis of Aristotle's definition of the genre. Indeed, the philosopher considered the play a perfect example of the tragedy. It is therefore unlikely that Sophocles' play would in any way divert from Aristotle's definition of the tragedy. In order to investigate this, Aristotle's definition will be used to discuss the tragic elements in Sophocles' play. This discussion will then show how Sophocles created, in Aristotle's opinion the "perfect" tragedy.

According to Aristotle's definition, certain specific elements are required in the tragedy. The most important of these is the medium in which the events occur, which is drama rather than narrative. Aristotle emphasizes the importance of drama in that it dramatizes probability rather than merely explaining what has occurred, as historical narrative would do. In the case of Oedipus the King, the tragedy is demonstrated through the unity of events. While there are thousands of probabilities, the unity of events inevitably lead to the central tragedy when all is revealed. The tragedy is complete when the author reveals that the forces of prophesy and fate are too strong for even the strong Oedipus to overcome. In these events, the audience experience pity and fear, because the logical connection of events bring home to the audience the universal idea of human powerlessness in the face of fate. The prophesy that Oedipus fears throughout his life begins the events of the play when he unwittingly kills the king. The connection of apparent coincide
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nces throughout the play then leads to the ultimate tragedy of Oedipus, finally realizing that the whole prophesy has come true and in guilt blinds himself.

The second important element of the tragedy is a strong main character, who supports the plot of the drama. In this, the main character's motivations and fears interlink with the plot elements in the movement towards the climax of the tragedy. The main character, according to Aristotle, should not only be a person of great importance and prosperity in society, but he should also have admirable personality traits. The combination of material and spiritual prosperity will then make the outcome all the more tragic. This is certainly so in the case of Oedipus. The audience sympathizes with him from the beginning, as he makes every attempt to avoid the prophesy against him. He is adopted by a royal family and becomes a renowned, loved and wise king. When events begin to work against him, he initially suspects his close friends and advisers, but soon it becomes clear that the prophecy's fulfillment has begun. Aristotle's definition of tragedy in terms of character relates to a central flaw or mistake through which the main character brings about his own downfall. Oedipus' mistake is particularly ironic, as it is exactly through his attempt to avoid the prophesied tragedy that he brings it about.

Thought and diction are the third and fourth elements that Aristotle defines as important in a tragedy.… READ MORE

Quoted Instructions for "Oedipus the King According to Aristotle's Definition" Assignment:

Three typed pages. Double spaced. MLA format.

Each essay will be completed by going through the FOUR stages of the writing process:

Invention -- For this stage, you may use brainstorming, listing, clustering, free writing, or the probing questions (Who/What, when, where, how, etc.) to generate ideas for the topic without paying attention to form, grammar, etc. The focus should be on simply generating as much information as possible on the topic.

Arrangement-- This stage is where you organize your ideas in some meaningful and logical order. Look for a clear pattern such as narration, description, exemplification/illustration, process, cause and effect, comparison-contrast, classification and division, or definition.

Realize that sometimes, it is necessary to use a combination of these. It is also at this stage that you organize your information into the THREE PARTS OF AN ESSAY (Introduction which should end with a clearly stated THESIS; body which includes supporting and developmental paragraphs which include quotations and direct references to the work being discussed by way of support for the thesis; and a conclusion which brings your essay to a clear close).

This is the stage at which you also construct a Formal Topic Outline with the thesis (See example in the handbook, Quick Access, 5/E, sections 6h & 6i, pages 38-42 and page 251).

3. Drafting--This is where you get your ideas down on paper so you can react to them. For this reason, the first draft is usually called the Discovery Draft. You use it to explore your ideas on the subject in a comprehensible manner, but it exists to be revised. You should be prepared to cross out, and extensively rearrange material. Furthermore, if you think of new ideas as you write be prepared to include them and follow them to their conclusion. During the drafting stage, remember that it is okay to start with the body paragraphs and write the introduction later.

4. Revising and Editing--This is something you will be doing continuously as you move from one draft to the next. You need to realize that effective revision can only take place after you have taken a break from the material and come back to it with "fresh eyes". Use the peer review checklist in the Handouts section of the course to revise your essay BEFORE you submit it to a classmate for Peer Review. Remember that revision focuses on the ideas and how they are communicated, their arrangement and support, NOT on the mechanics such as spelling, grammar, punctuation (this is Editing and must be done AFTER Revision has taken place).

1. Write an analytical essay in which you single out an element of a play for examination--character, plot, setting, theme, dramatic irony, tone, language, symbolism, or any other element. Try to relate this element to the play as a whole. For example, "The Function of Teiresias in Oedipus the King"; "Imagery of poison in Othello"; "Williams' use of Magic Lantern Slides in The Glass Menagerie", and so on.

2. Analyze Othello or Oedipus the King using *****'s definition of the tragedy. Does the play measure up to *****'s requirement for a tragedy? In what ways does it meet the definition? In what ways does it part? (Be sure to clearly state the Aristotelian rules by which drama is to be judged.)

3. "The downfall of Oedipus is the work of the gods; the downfall of Othello is self-inflicted." Support or reject this comment with close reference to the two plays.

4. Take a single line or sentence from one of the plays we have read--one that stands out for some reason as greatly important. Perhaps it states a theme, reveals a character, or serves as a crisis (or turning point). Write an essay demonstrating its importance--how it functions, why it is necessary. Some possible lines include but are not limited to the following:

Iago to Roderigo: "I am not what I am." (Othello, I, i, 67)

Amanda to Tom: "You live in a dream; you manufacture illusions!" (The Glass Menagerie, scene VII)

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