Term Paper on "Memory Ronald T. Kellogg's Working Memory Components"
Term Paper 5 pages (1248 words) Sources: 1
[EXCERPT] . . . .
MemoryRonald T. Kellogg's "Working Memory Components in Written Sentence Generation": A Review and Further Research Inspired by the Study
In his article, "Working Memory Components in Written Sentence Generation," Ronald T. Kellogg used quantitative research in order to how working memory is impeded during distraction. Kellogg begins his article with a literature review detailing the types of research that psychologists have completed regarding memory in the past. He cites Baddely's 1986 work, which created the Baddeley model, a "phonological loop for storing and rehearsing verbal representations, a visuospatial sketchpad for visual object representation and their locations, and a central executive for attentional and supervisory functions" (341). In addition to this model, Kellogg also more modern research by Jonides and Smith that suggests the "visual, spatial, and possibly semantic stores are dissociable from the verbal store" (341). By considering both this old and new research concerning working memory, Kellogg designed his own research in order to increase psychologists' understanding of working memory.
Purpose
Kellogg designed his study in order to increase others' understanding of working memory. Specifically, Kellogg was interested in understanding if "planning conceptual representations" and "linguistically encoding these into words and sentences" depends on working memory (341). According to Kellogg, putting together a sentence, or sentence generation, requires "planning conceptual content," or deciding what one wants to say in writing, and "linguistically encoding it into a grammatical string of words," or placing tho
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Methods
College students in a General Psychology class were chosen as the subjects to be tested. The students were assembled, given keyboards, and then given a visual prompt of two words, nouns. Subjects were then to write a "meaningful sentence" using the two nouns (344). At the same time, students were told to complete a "memory task," such as remembering certain digits. First, students' typing speed was assessed via trials. Next, students were given directions, followed by the two visual prompts, and then time to type their sentences and submit them to a computer. Finally, students were asked to complete the memory task they had been assigned correctly and were given feedback concerning whether or not they had made the correct response. Some students were asked to write sentences using nouns that were related, while others were asked to write sentences using nouns that were unrelated. In one group, students were asked to produce complex sentences; while in the other students were told to write simple sentences (344).
IV. Findings
In accordance with the methods above, the researchers derived results concerning, initiation time, sentence length and typing time, grammatical and spelling errors, and concurrent task performance. Only those students who were asked to remember six digits produced shorter sentences, while the memory tasks did not affect the length of any other students' sentences. Similarly, spelling and grammar were not affected by the memory tasks. Students writing using unrelated nouns took more time both to initiate and type their sentences then students using related nouns (347-350).
Significance
According to the author, the article was most significant finding of this study was that "neither a moderate load on verbal working memory nor a load on the visual and spatial components of working memory reliably impeded written sentence generation, but a heavy load on verbal working memory did so. Because the results were the same for all groups -- both simple and complex and both unrelated and related nouns -- the author safely assumes that the "heavy load" on working memory disrupts sentence generating and writing skills (350).
Experiment II Purpose
Because it is essential to functioning both psychologically and… READ MORE
Quoted Instructions for "Memory Ronald T. Kellogg's Working Memory Components" Assignment:
Part 1: 2 full pages
Find one empirical (scientific) research article from a scientific, peer-reviewed journal published from 2002-2008 about memory. Any kind of research on memory would be okay. This research needs to be related to psychology. The article needs to be properly cited, MLA format.
Write of summary of that article including the purpose, methods, findings, and significance for the article. The summaries will be written in paragraph form, but each part of the summary should be labeled.
For example: one article I read on the topic of personality is entitled, Exploring the relationship between authoritative personality types and leadership styles. This article was written by Dr. Stiar in 2005 at San Francisco State University. This is an interesting article that explores how personality can affect leadership styles.
Purpose: in this section, explain the purpose of the research. What do the researchers state as their reason for doing this research? What is the hypothesis of the study?
Method: Explain how the research was conducted in this article. Who were the participants?
Findings: Describe what the researchers found in this article. This does not need to include all the statistics from the article, but instead explain what supported their hypothesis, or what does not explain.
Significance: Why these findings are significant? How do they add to the pool of knowledge on the topic?
Part 2: 3 full pages
After reading the article and summarized the research, design an experiment. Using the article as a guide, create an original research project to study the topic. This part of the paper needs to prove that you have done critical thinking about the topic and show that you understand the research process. Write the research design as you did your summary. Include the following:
Purpose: Why have you chosen your research design and what is your hypothesis?
Method: This is where you will have the most detail. How you propose to conduct the research? Who will be the participants? Where will the research take place? Is this a survey, an experiment, a naturalistic observation, or a case study? What*****s the independent variable and what*****s the dependent variable? Be creative and detailed. This can be an as complicated idea as you like.
Significance: How do you hope to add to the pool of information already out there on your topic? Why do you think your results will be significant to people? What do you think people will do with the information you find? Overall, why do you think that is an important research project?
How to Reference "Memory Ronald T. Kellogg's Working Memory Components" Term Paper in a Bibliography
“Memory Ronald T. Kellogg's Working Memory Components.” A1-TermPaper.com, 2008, https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/memory-ronald-t-kellogg-working/6839155. Accessed 28 Sep 2024.
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