Term Paper on "Memory and Place of Carlton With Relation to Melbourne"

Term Paper 12 pages (3276 words) Sources: 10 Style: Harvard

[EXCERPT] . . . .

Memory and Place of Carlton With Relation to Melbourne

This focus of this study is Carlton, a suburb in Melbourne, Australia. It sits on the edge of the CBD, and has a strong role in tying the city together. The Carlton United Brewery Site sits at very edge of Carlton and the Central Business District (CBD) of Melbourne, and has historically had a major influence on the two. It has been abandoned for years now, but sits on the Swanston Street axis, which pierces through the city and has the city's famous Shrine of Remembrance at the other end, the Anzac memorial. There remains, though, a clear need for the renovation of the Carlton United Brewery site make Carlton more connected with this burgeoning part of the city. To this end, this study provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed, scholarly and governmental literature concerning memory and place aspects of Carlton with relation to Melbourne, followed by a summary of the research and important findings in the conclusion.

Review and Discussion

History of Melbourne and Carlton.

Melbourne was first settled by Europeans in 1835; following its modest beginnings as a tent city in what is now the Central Business District (CBD), the city rapidly grew from immigration caused by the gold rush that started in the mid-nineteenth century (Berry & McGreal, 1999). According to these authors, "In 1851, the Colony of Victoria separated from New South Wales. Other settlements in Victoria had earlier beginnings, usually related to whaling or squatting, but Melbourne's rate of growth led to its ascendancy. By the 1880s, Marvellous Melbourne was one of the largest and most elegant cities in the Southern Hemisphere" (p. 227). This rapid growth reached its peak during in the land boom of the 1880s; however, this growth began a downward spiral in the closing decade of the nineteenth century after a series of scandals, bankruptcies and defaults hampered further growth (Cannon, 1995).

The city's prominence, though, did not necessarily fade or become diminished in other ways. For example, Melbourne remained the seat of Australian government after Federation during the period 1901 until 1926, when the Federal Parliament was transferred to the Australian Capital Territory and the City of Canberra (Berry & McGreal). A longstanding interstate rivalry also emerged between Victoria and New South Wales after separation and that remains firmly in place today (Berry & McGreal). In addition, Melbourne remained Australia's leading city until well after the end of World War II (Berry).

During this period, the city was also the financial capital of Australia and it contained the leading industries, company head offices, universities and private schools; nevertheless, the history and shaping of each of the commercial, retail and industrial property markets in Melbourne is distinctive based on its being more a function of historical development than formalised town planning; however, as the post-war emphasis moved from agriculture and manufacturing to finance and services, Melbourne began to be overtaken by Sydney as Australia's leading international city, a competitive state, like its interstate rivaly with New South Wales, also remains firmly in place today (Berry & McGreal, 1999).

Australia's states and location of Melbourne.

Source: Berry at p. 227.

Planning regions in Victoria are established on a specific needs basis rather than as an overall system, so that many parts of the state are not in any designated region. Metropolitan Melbourne is a planning region comprised of 31 local government areas. It covers 7,700 km2 or about 3.5 per cent of the State of Victoria as shown in Figure ____ above. Victoria has a population of approximately 5 million inhabitants, and Metropolitan Melbourne has about 3.2 million (Berry & McGreal). The Victorian workforce comprises 2 million persons of whom 1.5 million are in Metropolitan Melbourne (Berry & McGreal).

The City of Melbourne (one of the 31 metropolitan local government areas) is only 36 km2 and it contains the CBD of approximately 3 km2. The City of Melbourne contains around 43,000 residents, mostly in suburbs surrounding the CBD which were developed during the Victorian era. These have been undergoing gentrification and redevelopment over the past two decades. Normally when one talks of Melbourne one refers to Metropolitan Melbourne and not just the designated City of Melbourne (see Figure ____ below).

Figure ____. Metropolitan Melbourne.

Source: Berry & McGreal at p. 228.

The topography of Metropolitan Melbourne is relatively flat which enabled the city to be laid out in a rectilinear grid from the outset. The CBD is characterised by blocks approximately 200 meters square separated by streets 30 meters wide (1.5 chains) as shown in Figure __ below.

Figure ____. Metropolitan Melbourne.

Source: Berry & McGreal at p. 229.

Today, Melbourne is the seat of the state government of Victoria; in addition, Victoria has a total of 78 local government areas, each with its own municipal plan (Berry & McGreal). Based on the close proximity of Melbourne with Port Phillip Bay to the south, the principal areas of non-residential property development comprise the CBD, the western region and the south-east. The north, east and south are predominantly residential (Berry & McGreal). According to the city's Web site, "Melbourne is set around the shores of Port Phillip Bay. The city itself, laid out in a large rectangle and boasting a lively and cosmopolitan pulse, sits on the northern banks of the Yarra River, about five kilometres from the bay" (Melbourne's city precincts, 2008, p. 3). As to the city's CBD, "One glance at a map [see Figure ____ below] and it's obvious that Melbourne is a planned city: a tidy, balanced grid of neatly angled streets. But beneath this sense of everything in its place restraint lies a restless creative energy constantly pushing back at the city's seeming conservatism. The CBD is made up of precincts - distinct enclaves each with its own flavour and charm. Some are just a lane or two, while others cover the banks of the Yarra River or a busy CBD street" (Melbourne's city precincts, pp. 3-4).

Figure __. Melbourne's city precincts

Source: Melbourne's city precincts, p. 1.

Compared to other world cities, Melbourne has an inordinately large percentage of commercial, retail and industrial property and an unusually highly developed infrastructure (including a suburban arterial transport system of road, rail and tram) for its modest population. At December 1997, Melbourne CBD accounted for 3.2 million m2 of office space (Berry & McGreal).

Public Spaces.

The main Melbourne commercial office markets comprise the CBD rectangle, the St. Kilda Road axis (including the Southbank urban regeneration precinct) and the south-eastern suburbs of Box Hill, Hawthorn, Camberwell, Waverley and Dandenong (Berry & McGreal, p. 237). The city hosts a number of historic and modern attractions that enjoy the effective use of public spaces in their planning and design. During the 1980s, though the CBD market was massively overbuilt resulting in increasing vacancies and concomitant decreases in both rents and property values (Berry & McGreal).

Other recent additions to the public places of Melbourne include a new stadium on the Docklands site adjacent to the CBD. According to Hay, Haig-Muir and Mewett (2000), "In Melbourne, where an extraordinary winter intoxication known as 'football fever' wracks hundreds of thousands of people, VFL Park's very existence was a contest. There were those who saw it as an unwanted appendage dangling on the city's outskirts, deprived of public transport and atmosphere. They called it a 'white elephant'. Others looked to it as an exclusive temple wherein the rites of one of the world's most spectacular field games were practised now and forever" (p. 158). Waverly Park's development has been marked by controversies which have influenced the public perceptions of the stadium, but which reflect important changes in Victoria's and Australia's sporting and social history. This was recognised by Heritage Victoria, when the stadium and its surrounds were placed on the Victorian Heritage Register in August 2000. In his explanatory notes to the decision of the Heritage Council Registration Committee, its committee chair Andrew Lemon emphasized that:

The inescapable conclusion of the Committee, regardless of the ways in which it approached the question was that Waverley Park was of great historical and social significance to Victoria in the second half of the twentieth century. Waverley Park is like no other sporting ground in Victoria, before or since: and the impact of the plan to build it, the use of the ground, and the numerous controversies that have surrounded it throughout its existence have contributed to that significance. (quoted in Hay et al. p. 159)

The construction of the stadium and its facilities involved many pioneering exercises in Australian architectural, constructional and technological experience. The scale of its initial conception was originally one-of-a-kind, and was designed as the second largest stadium in the world. In this initiative, innovative techniques (at least in Australia) were used for the first time including the scissors frame design of the main grandstands. The use of reinforced concrete instead of brick was not original but the scale once again was unprecedented. Cantilever… READ MORE

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