Term Paper on "Theories of Learning and Educational Psychology"

Term Paper 13 pages (3789 words) Sources: 0

[EXCERPT] . . . .

Learning

Educational Psychology

Multiple Choice: select the best answer

The ultimate goal of teaching is knowledge lifelong expert learning motivation volition

Which one of the following factors does NOT influence a person's skill and will to learn?

Common sense

Knowledge

Motivation

Self-discipline

Another term for self-discipline that is characteristics of self-regulated learners is common sense context motivation volition

When studies are based only on observations, the results should be expressed as cause-and-effect relationships descriptions principles theories

In what specific type of research would a researcher be likely to serve as a participant-observer?

Correlational

Descriptive

Ethnographic

Experimental

The most likely correlation between height and shoe size of adults is anywhere between +0.00 and +0.50 close to zero negative positive

Which of the following one of the correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship?

The part last part of the brain to develop fully is the cerebellum cerebral cortex frontal lobe thalamus

Messages sent by releasing chemicals that jump across synapses involve lateralization myelination neurons transformations

The foundation for development in all humans is supplied by activity exploration maturation social transmission

Piaget's basic blocks of thinking and memory are actions accommodations adaptations schemes

The zone of proximal development is the area where students may solve a problem by themselves with no disequilibrium with support without frustration

Which of the following sounds is generally the MOST difficult for children to master?

T

The area of language that specifically deals with the ordering of words is called awareness scaffolding semantics syntax

What does a conflict such as initiative vs. guilt represent in Erikson's theory?

A development crisis

Cognitive dissonance

Disequilibration

Equilibration

Children who experience autonomy are likely to become more aggressive dependent intelligent self-reliant

Research suggests that the relationship between self-esteem and success in school is a causal relationship negative relationship positive relationship zero relationship

Most people have developed societal perspective-taking ability during the early elementary grades late elementary years pre-school years between age 14 and adulthood

Recent research suggests that victims of physical or verbal abuse tend to blame schoolmates their abusers their parents themselves

The rate of suicides has increased steadily for all groups of young people EXCEPT non-white females non-white males white females white males

What psychologist developed the concept of mental age?

Binet

Gardner

Sternberg

Wechsler

Approximately what percent of the general population scores over 100 on a standardized IQ test?

What is the approximate percentage of the general population whose deviation IQ score is between 85 and 115?

What type of grouping is used in the Joplin Plan?

Cross-grade

Mixed-ability

Tracking

Within-class

In treating hyperactivity, the medication that seems to work best is common aspirin depressants placebo prescriptions stimulants

The rules and traditions that guide the behavior of a group comprise its culture ethnic heritage racial identity social status

Membership in what cultural group is the best predictor of cultural differences?

Ethnicity

Gender

Race

Social class

The majority of poor children in the United States are African-American are Hispanic are white live in inner cities

As opposed to the term prejudice, the term discrimination refers to attitudes beliefs behavior feelings

What group of people have the most stereotyped notions of gender roles?

Elementary school children

High School student

Preschool children

The learning style of Native Americans appears to be field-independent global, analytic global, visual reasoning by inference

Behavioral theories of learning emphasizes development nature over nurture observable actions thinking

The law of effect in Thorndike's theory of learning is related to the concept of antecedents consequences patterns punishments

Performance speed is increased most quickly by what type of reinforcement schedule?

Fixed

Interval

Ratio

Variable

Slot machines that pay off after an indeterminate number of uses illustrate what schedule of reinforcement?

Fixed-interval

Fixed-ratio

Variable-interval

Variable-ratio

Persistence in responding is increased by what type of reinforcement schedule?

Fixed

Interval

Ratio

Variable

The most effective reprimands are those that are sharp and private sharp and public soft and private soft and public

What are you thinking about right now is being held in what type if memory?

Long-term

Schematic

Sensory

Working

Items can typically be stored in working memory for approximately how long?

About 20 seconds day

One minute

One week

Research has shown that the capacity of the working memory is limited to about how many chunks?

A to 4 to9

11 to 12

13 to 15

Long-term memory that is memory for meaning is called episodic procedural semantic working

Representations that are based on perceptions are called episodic memory procedures schemes

Representations based on the structure or appearance of the information are articulatory loops propositions schemes strategy that seems suitable for learning English language vocabulary is what strategy?

Chaining

Keyword

Loci

Peg-type

In teaching the concept "fruit," sweet taste is a (n) category reference defining attribute irrelevant attribute prototype

Which one of the following terms does NOT belong with the other three?

Discovery learning

Inductive thinking

Intuitive thinking

Meaningful verbal learning

Which one of the following concepts is consistent with the notion of a heuristic?

Analogical thinking

Domain specific

Exhaustive

Guaranteed solution

Pattern learning is a tactic for learning idea elaboration procedural information schema building strategies verbal information

Important tactics to use for learning procedural information include all of the following examples EXCEPT idea elaboration pattern learning practice self-instruction strategy designed to guide reading and inquiry in general that can be used with students in most grade levels is CAPS

KWL

PQ4R

READS

What label was used for Bandura's early work on his social approach to learning?

Behavioral

Classical

Neobehavioral

Traditional

Which one of the following is NOT one of the elements in Bandura's observational learning model?

Activation

Attention

Motivation

Production person's sense of being able to deal effectively with a particular task is modeling self-efficacy self-reinforcement vicarious reinforcement

True cooperative learning provides social support and complex tasks group work positive interactions scaffolding

The role of the student in a cooperative language group who explains concepts to the group members is the checker coach quiet captain reflector

An example of a "stand-alone thinking skills" program is brainstorming

CoRT

IDEAL

PQ4R

People who have a natural, long-term interest in many different activities are high in what type of motivation?

Cognitive

Social

State

Trait

What type of motivation would a teacher be LEAST able to influence in his/her class?

Extrinsic

Intrinsic

State

Trait

Being interested in a task because the activity is enjoyable is what type of motivation?

Extrinsic

Intrinsic

State

Trait

In most humanistic theories, motivation is based on extrinsic rewards intrinsic needs material wealth social status

The concept of self-determination is an important influence in what view of motivation?

Behavioral

Cognitive

Humanistic

Social learning

In Maslow's hierarchy, self-esteem is considered to be what type of need?

Being

Deficiency

Proficiency

Self-actualization

When "being" needs are met, motivation to satisfy them will generally be unaffected decrease increase reduce to zero

Participation in communities of practice is emphasized by what theory of motivation?

Cognitive

Humanistic

Constructivist

Sociocultural

Individuals are naturally motivated to learn by anxiety feedback and goal acceptance performance goals seductive details

An entity view of ability is consistent with what type of goals?

Extrinsic

Intrinsic

Performance

Work-avoidance

The Winter X Games represent what type of goal structure?

Competitive

Cooperative

Individualistic

Supportive

Which one of the following factors is NOT one of Doyle's characteristics of a multidimensional classroom?

Immediacy

Predictability

Public environment

Simultaneity

According to Brophy and Evertson, at what educational level is "maintaining" the management system most important?

High School

Kindergarten

Middle elementary

Preschool

Another definition for the concept of "time on task" is what kind of time?

Allocated

Engaged

Managed

Structured

Approximately what percentage of a student's time in school is devoted to meaningful, appropriate learning tasks?

In a traditionally arranged classroom, students' desks are positioned according to a principle of autonomy productivity shared workspace territoriality

Ms. Goldwyn is interested in promoting student interaction and group work. What arrangement would be the most suitable?

Clusters

Debate

Horizontal rows

Stack

Recent research indicates that students working alone tend to be on-task about what percent of the time?

The purpose of using choral responses is to establish group focus movement management overlapping withitness

What is the purpose of the paraphrase rule?

To clarify understanding

To elaborate the concept idea

To identify a hidden message

To point out a problem

Peer mediation, a strategy proposed by Johnson and his colleagues, is aimed toward assertive discipline conflict resolution self-management teacher union negotiations

Which one of the following verbs would be LEAST desirable for use in a behavioral objective?

Appreciates

Builds

Lists

Isolates

Which one of the following objectives would probably be the most difficult to measure?

Analysis

Application

Receiving

Reflex actions

The heart of the recitation approach to teaching that has been around for many years is praising reacting soliciting setting a framework

The questions on the objective test that you are taking right now are what type of question?

Analytical

Convergent

Divergent

Evaluation

Research shows that the average amount of time teachers wait for students to answer questions is about one second three seconds five seconds seven seconds or more

Which one… READ MORE

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