Term Paper on "Jewish Civilization Time Periods"

Term Paper 4 pages (1408 words) Sources: 2

[EXCERPT] . . . .

Jewish civilization [...] time periods of the first settlements in Israel (Canaan) and the period of Israelite kingdoms, and describe how Jewish identity changed between these two periods. The founding of Israel and the period of the Israelite kingdoms are two of the earliest periods of Jewish history, and yet they differ greatly. Governing, religious practices, and Jewish identity all changed during these periods. Most importantly, the Jews experienced expulsion from their lands and religious persecution because of their faith, practices that would haunt them throughout their history.

Early Israel, (called Canaan), was settled by a variety of peoples until the wandering Jews took the lands for their own. They had wandered in the desert for at least a generation after leaving Egypt. Biblical tales indicate they invaded Canaan and some of its cities, while scholars believe the areas may have been empty. They settled in Jerusalem and beyond, and created a complex and interesting civilization. They settled the area by family or tribe, and the lines were derived from the sons of Joseph and Jacob, with twelve lines established and settled in Canaan. These "tribes" of Israel were governed by a set of "judges" rather than formal leaders or kings. They were violent people who pushed the Canaanites out of their cities and resettled them themselves.

They were literally creating their social and religious conditions as they settled the land. Moses had led them to the edge of the Promised Land, but he died before they gained access to it. Instead of following strict patrilineal lines, leadership of the people went to Joshua, the most qualified, which is an interesting and thoughtful aspe
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ct of their civilization. They chose the person who was strongest and most qualified to lead, rather than basing leadership strictly on familial or tribal lines. They also resisted leadership by a powerful king or lord, but relied on leadership from "judges" (from the Book of Judges), who essentially expected the Jews to know and understand right from wrong, and live according to the tenets of the Torah. In effect, they were creating the identity and spirituality that would guide them throughout their long history. By following the Torah, building their cities, and creating their leadership, they were creating their identity and what it meant to be Jewish. Ultimately, during this time, it meant, "the ultimate goal of every Jew is to use his free will to work out what is wrong and right, using the Torah as a guide" (Spiro). During this time, a majority of the people were dedicated to Torah, and understood the difference between right and wrong. As another set of scholars note, "Thus the Israelites were expected to adhere to specific standards of behavior; they were specifically enjoined from copying the customs of surrounding nations and were held accountable for creating a just society" (Edelheit, and Edelheit 4). This tradition of accountability and divergence from traditional cultures has beleaguered the Jews throughout their history, but they are some of their proudest accomplishments as well.

In addition, the Jewish experience extended power to women, much more than in many other societies. For example, one of the Judges who led the people down the right path was Deborah, who was also one of the top battle commanders of the people. The earliest Jews respected people for their knowledge and abilities, rather than their gender or family ties. This pattern of power and gender equality has changed through the ages, but indicates initially, Jewish women were an integral part of the Jewish experience. Flux and change is also a pattern, and that is quite evident in the next stage of Jewish history - the period of the Israelite kingdoms.

The Jews seemed content with judicial rule and no central authority figure like a king until near the end of Judge Samuel's life, when God commanded him to find a king for his people. A Rabbi historian notes, "And they the people said [to Samuel] 'Behold, you have grown old and your sons do not walk in your ways. Now set up for us a king to judge us like all the nations. And the thing was displeasing in the eyes of Samuel...'" (1 Samuel, 8:5-7) (Spiro). Thus,… READ MORE

Quoted Instructions for "Jewish Civilization Time Periods" Assignment:

JEWISH CIVILIZATION

MID-TERM PAPER TOPIC *****“*****“ Spring 2007

General Instructions:

Papers should be concise and three to five pages, with a maximum of five pages per paper. Points will be deducted for each page over the five-page maximum. Papers should be typed and double-spaced. The papers will not be graded on grammar, spelling, etc., but a poor presentation may mean that your points are not conveyed as well as they might be. So, do not ignore those factors.

Read Dr. Sophia McClennen*****s General Evaluation Rubric for Papers for a further sense of how to write your papers and how they will be graded: http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/s/a/sam50/rubric.htm. Organize your papers according to standard writing techniques. That is, introduce your topic and themes, discuss them, and describe the conclusions that you have drawn.

You are expected to write this paper on your own.

Paper Topic:

Select two periods in Jewish history that have been discussed in Lessons 1-8. The periods do not need to conform to the beginning and ending dates of the lessons; they may cover a portion of a lesson (at least one century) and may bridge the periods covered in two adjoining lessons. Be specific about place as well as time.

Describe ways in which Jewish identity has changed between one period and another and the factors that contributed to those changes. To address this question, you will need to:

1. Employ the concept of identity in a complex, critical manner;

2. Summarize the key social conditions of the two periods selected; and

3. Explicitly discuss the significant factors that contributed to the differences in Jewish identity in one place and time from that of another. Think in terms of patterns.

In addition, pay attention to any crises that accompanied the changes that you describe.

Be specific, about both your conceptual and factual points. Do not over-generalize. Consider the nuances and complex distinctions to be made about your theme or themes. Draw on events or patterns for which there is scholarly evidence and present them accurately; be aware of distinctions among places, times, events, and patterns. Do not be overly simplistic and refrain from making unsupported opinions. Do not discuss whether a pattern or people have worth or value (i.e., do not discuss Jews or others as *****good,***** *****bad,***** *****proud,***** *****strong,***** etc.).

Better papers will describe a group or constellation of related changes in Jewish identity rather than merely one or two changes. When few changes are discussed in a paper, the periods selected may not have seen significant changes in Jewish identity.

You might consider looking, for example, at how Jews are governed, their sacred texts, religious practices, material culture, gender relations, etc. However, do not merely describe Jewish practices, be sure to discuss how Jewish identity (i.e., what makes a Jew *****Jewish***** in a very broad sense) has changed from your first time period to your second.

The primary consideration in your score will be the quality of the conceptual discussion. In addition, accuracy will be a significant factor in the paper scores.

Citations:

Required course readings do not need to be listed on a separate works cited (references) page. However, quotations and specific figures from course readings should be cited parenthetically, that is, within the body of the text. For example:

*****¢ In 1994, the number of Jews living in Canada was 360,000 (Scheindlin 1998:258).

Or:

*****¢ As Scheindlin (1998:53) writes, *****By decentralizing public worship, the destruction of the Temple thus contributed to the rabbis***** program of putting the responsibility for religious life in the hands of each individual.*****

If you are citing something from one of the virtual lectures, a parenthetical citation is sufficient. For example:

*****¢ (Benjamin Lesson X)

If you wish to list a virtual lecture in a references page, one possible format is:

*****¢ Benjamin, Alan F. Title of Page. In, Jewish Civilization, Lesson X. University Park: Pennsylvania State University. Viewed DATE.

If you quote from materials that are not required in the course, they should be cited in full on a works cited page or in a footnote. Any generally used bibliographic format is ok. I care only that it is correct, complete, and used consistently.

Information about my password and username:

1. Go to

https://cms.psu.edu//frameIndex.htm

2. Choose "Penn State Access Account" then click "log on".

3. Userid : mqy5013

Password : ymx0524ymx0524

Then click "log in".

4. In folder "2006/07 Spring, UNIVERSITY PARK"

Choose "Jewish Civilization--online (Spring 2007)"

5. Click "LESSONS" on the top of the page in a small blue bar.

6. Then choose second option "Lessons -

Drafted by Alan F. Benjamin. Copyright: The Pennsylvania State University, 2006. "

7. Then you can choose any 2 lessons to write about.

Thank you so much. Have a great day! =)

If you have any question, please email me.

*****

How to Reference "Jewish Civilization Time Periods" Term Paper in a Bibliography

Jewish Civilization Time Periods.” A1-TermPaper.com, 2007, https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/jewish-civilization-time-periods/39061. Accessed 28 Sep 2024.

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