Book Review on "When Prisoner Come Home Parole and Prisoner Re-Entry and Reintegration"

Quoted Instructions for "When Prisoner Come Home Parole and Prisoner Re-Entry and Reintegration" Assignment:

The title of the book is

Petersilia, J. (2003). When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry. New York, Oxford University Press

Below I have post a example of review he gave us.

Over the years, there has been widespread attention given to causes of conduct disorder and juvenile delinquency. The literature is filled with a plethora of research committed to identifying risk factors of childhood and adolescent juvenile conduct. However, although the

literature has identified these risk factors, no causal pathways have been presented. In this

edited book, the contributors are put to the challenge of providing testable hypotheses that

explain causal pathways to conduct disorder and juvenile delinquency. Causes of Conduct

Disorder and Juvenile Delinquency is an important addition for researchers, practitioners,

and students who desire to be well informed about the multiple causal mechanisms involved

in early childhood and adolescent conduct disorder and juvenile delinquency. In this volume,

the authors do an outstanding job of defining, explaining, and offering research hypotheses

on causes of conduct disorders.

A lengthy book of 13 chapters, Causes of Conduct Disorder and Juvenile Delinquency

demonstrates the paucity of sources available for the continued study of conduct disorder and

juvenile delinquency. This book is well organized with subheadings and is divided into three

major parts. Part One, *****Research and Theoretical Strategies,***** contains one chapter. In this

chapter, the author, Michael Rutter, begins with the question, *****Why aren*****t the causes of antisocial behavior already well understood?***** In answering this question, an examination of the

existing research and theoretical explanations for conduct disorder are discussed. Michael

Rutter postulates that helpful, recent research and theories are filled with weak concepts that

have acted to get in the way of treatment and prevention methods for conduct disorder. He

aggressively advocates for the reexamination of current theories and their application in

explaining causes of conduct disorder.

In Part Two, *****General and Integrative Causal Models,***** various theoretical models are discussed. These include chapter 2: Social Learning Model, chapter 3: Life-Course-Persistent

and Adolescent Limited Model, chapter 4: Developmental Propensity Model, and chapter 5:

Social Mechanisms of Community Influences on Crime and Pathways in Criminality Model.

In chapter 2, the authors, James Snyder, John Reid, and Gerald Patterson, define major concepts of social learning theory and show how social learning experiences in early childhood

and adolescence can cause antisocial behavior. Terrie E. Moffitt provides a clear overview of

both Life-Course-Persistent and Adolescence-Limited Antisocial Behavior Models in chapter

3. Full of research an*****s, research opportunities, and testable hypotheses, Moffitt rises

to the challenge set forth by the editors.

In chapter 4, Benjamin B. Lahey and Irwin D. Waldman postulate that there are diversities to be considered in the developmental origins of conduct disorders that can be identified in early childhood and adolescence. Individual differences and cognitive, genetic, and environmental influences are presented. In the final chapter of Part Two, chapter 5,Wikstron and Sampson explore social and community influences on crime propensity. Adding support to Shaw and McKay*****s work, these authors present a strong argument for the need to continually understand changing community dynamics.

Each model is presented with theoretical applications, research hypotheses, and empirical support documenting the need for future attention. Although all offer major contributions to the field, the Social Learning Model offers the best-integrated explanation of conduct disorder and juvenile delinquency. In Part Three, *****Targeted Causal Models,***** a more in-depth presentation of (a) the initial stages of conduct disorder, (b) testable research hypotheses, and (c) theoretical explanations based on cognitive factors, genetics, and the environment are presented. In chapter 6, ***** Keenan and Daniel Shaw impart a general discussion on the development of conduct problems occurring during the preschool years, tests of individual differences, and socialization processes. Although the authors are straightforward about limitations found in the operationalization of concepts and the lack of empirical data, findings

support extending the research to include ages younger than 3 years old. The authors hypothesize that this research not only will be beneficial in understanding childhood and adolescent aggression but also will be a great contribution to the field.

In chapter 7, Richard Tremblay offers a discussion of problems with taxonomies of conduct disorder and juvenile delinquency and turns his attention to physical aggression.

Tremblay appropriately operationalizes both physical aggression and chronic physical

aggression, defining physical aggression as *****the use of behaviors, similar to the following, in

antagonistic interactions with humans: hitting, slapping, kicking, biting, pushing, grabbing,

pulling, shoving, throwing objects at another, beating, twisting, and choking***** and chronic

physical aggression as *****the tendency through childhood and adolescence to use physical

aggression more frequently than the large majority of a birth cohort.***** Tremblay provides a

thorough analysis of physical aggression that includes causes of physical aggression and testable research designs. This pattern of analysis is continued on the relationship between *****cognitive factors***** and conduct disorder in chapters 8 and 9. Correlates of genetics, environmental factors, and biological influences on conduct disorder and juvenile delinquency are discussed in chapters 10 through 12.

The final chapter, by Stephen J. Suomi, *****Social and Biological Mechanisms Underlying

Impulsive Aggressiveness in Rhesus Monkeys,***** attempts to link studies that explain aggressive

behavior in animals with explanations of childhood and adolescent aggression.

Although a remarkable scientific leap, the author suggests caution when attempting to

explain human behavior from animal studies.

Although lengthy, Causes of Conduct Disorder and Juvenile Delinquency is well worth

the read. Collectively, the authors have demonstrated expert knowledge of theory implications

and the need for further research. Easily viewed as a researcher*****s dream, this book provides

an unsurpassable amount of relevant testable hypotheses, related empirical support,

and more than thorough reference lists at the sum of each chapter. Researchers, practitioners,

and readers in general will find Causes of Conduct Disorder and Juvenile Delinquency more

than satisfactory, a beneficial addition to the literature, and a helpful tool that provides hope

for future treatment and prevention of conduct disorder. This volume provides teachers and

researchers with knowledge about causes of conduct disorder that is crucial when disseminating information and interpreting findings to students and other practitioners in the field.