Research Proposal on "Health Standards for Long Duration and Exploration Spaceflight"

Research Proposal 10 pages (3169 words) Sources: 8

[EXCERPT] . . . .

The concept of consideration within the flight is that crews arrive safely within Martian surfaces. A number of exercise regimes are prescribed as effective approaches above others in attaining fitness goals. Other regimes focus on single areas of fitness while exacerbating the rest. For instance, treadmills of high-contact-force nature make running an effective sequence of bone maintenance, musculature conditioning, and cardiovascular conditioning. The elements are partially de-conditioned to fit the status. The consequential consideration within the elements includes diversity of conditions between earth-to-space and transit mission. The countermeasures promote the sustainability of human presence in a space flight for longer periods and the levels of participation in the lengthy and complex missions (Whitmire, Leveton, Shea, & Schmidt, 2005). Confinement and isolation are ascertained challenges in gauging crews' performance in terms of working and living environments such as polar stations and spaceflight. Crewmembers who are ready for upcoming space station flights serve between 4 and six months in Station aboard tours (Corwin, 2002). The potential options are focused on the adaptive components of different physiological systems that affect functionality of subsequent components. The concept of engineering addresses the space ship's lighting, privacy, psychological effects, recreation, sleep, restraints, scheduling, training, trash, translation/mobility, and waste collection.

Neuro-vestibular concepts involve advancements of autonomic function, locomotion, and influence and posture for muscular and cardiovascular reflexes. Extreme conditions within the concept lead to loss or intolerance of orthostatic strength in the muscle. There is a broad range of physiological conditions due to spaceflight such as space adaptation sickness, fluid shifts, cardiovascular de-conditioning, and bone demineralization. The levels of development for countermeasures in biomedical and physiological undertakings amount to efforts of overcoming critical stressors. It is critical to evaluate the understanding for how options are presented in post-landing components of astronomy and for multiple systems. The outcomes are increments of injury risks and performance decrements.

The training curricular allows for extensive identification for rehabilitation and preventative strategies. The application of the concepts facilitates the recovery and function of performance during post-landing operations. Mission planners and designers should evaluate the respective limitations and capabilities among crews based on physiological and psychological influences within conditioning levels at detailed and proper mission planning activities. A number of factors develop both salutary and detrimental aspects such as teamwork. An alternative consideration is receiving and giving social support coupled with leadership responsibilities endowed on an individual. The existing approaches towards the prevention of psychiatric disorders and behavioral conditions start with the continuity and selection of post-flight.

The safety and health of the Crew is one of the basic considerations within operations and design for mission planning. Life support requirements for all crew flight aspects are addressed through developing designs that address emotional reactions of the critical elements of space missions. Identifying predictors and other factors contributing to behavioral risks, psychiatric disorders and conditions within each mission stage, increases the treatment and prevention efficacy for such conditions (Ad Hoc Committee of Members of the Space, 2008).

The response systems have articulate behavioral acts that trigger physiological response coupled with the languages of alterations axis for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal aspects. Language is experinced in expressing reactions of stressful situations and feelings of alternative communication forms. The emotions and reactions of behavior can be physical elements that are included in avoidance or negotiation acts. Habitability includes elements of mission qualities as enablers of living and working within safer and more productive environments. Specialists in habitability provide ample support in areas such as command structure, architecture, communications, acoustics, dining, clothing, group interaction, and crew interface/displays (Wickman, 2006).

The overall alterations within hypothalamic-adrenal axis is realized in the ICE environments and linked to negative emotions. Organizational and cultural factors are identified as contributing elements to space flight stress. Both national cultural and organizational variations between the national convictions of the crewmembers influence the crew dynamics. Perceived stress is aggravated through cultural differences for interpersonal distance. The missions taking longer durations make it that all changes are occur in developing efficiency hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal composited affecting mood and the memory. NASA outlines reintegration into the social settings like the family is a difficult excursive upon the return to Earth of astronauts. It is a gradual process where time nurtures adjustment requirements to all family members. Various categories of astronauts, as well as their families, are specific targets on reintegration challenges developed or existing based on modifications. Constant orientation and education for astronauts together with their families based on reintegration becomes an important determiner of making the deployment decision.

The alerted components illustrate assets that are component-sized to determine various scopes of flight content. Finding stress relief sources comprises an essential element of enthusiastic working. Major concerns of long-duration missions include possibilities of monotonous schedules and free times. Boredom is classified as the most strenuous time for polar explorers. While missions continue becoming longer, focus to amounts of work safely performed by humans changes the scope of implementation of policies (Salvendy, 2012). All individual crewmembers are in a position of determining the criterion of adapting to different multi-dimensional aspects that are based on the mission's situations and stages. Even with the decreased performance during short missions (mostly between 7 and 12 days), the flights with longer duration (more than four months) expose crew members to cumulative asthenia and fatigue. Asthenia is presented through irritability, abnormal fatigue, emotional liability, weakness, and dissociated attention and memory disorders. Although such symptoms barely reach levels that warrant clinical attention, they impair performance capacity and trigger significant conflicts among crewmembers.

Privacy's nascence is linked to the impairment of well-being in most analog settings amounting to major psychosocial stressors of space flights. Further, flight crews are confined within spaces that are squeezed and have tendencies of becoming withdrawn from each other for their leisure activities. Recreational times are passed in passive activities. It is important to have private quarters among each crewmember to allow them have some alone time and inclusion within the long-duration missions. The intolerable attitudes develop between crewmembers and the off-site support where animosity feelings are raised against the off-site support (Salvendy, 2012). The dynamic is referred to as displacement as the teams displace intra-group tensions to safer and more remote situations. Although displacement is not a rare occurrence within support centers and their remote teams, it is a critical element for space flight to focus on growing longer missions and defining isolation and expansion conditions.

In most cases, conflicts arise between the staff on mission control and crewmembers. The cases are mostly noted within missions' results based on issues inclosing work stoppages and crewmembers insisting to take days off. The pressure is so high that their decisions are in absolute disregard of the mission schedule. The relative implications of psychiatric disorders and behavioral conditions occurring within astronaut populations cause inadequate responses to psychiatric and behavioral flight emergencies. The other consideration includes the frequency of successes in long-duration mission as informant elements of current systems in the mitigation of risk of psychiatric disorders and behavioral conditions (The Institute of Medicine. 2014). Alternative forms of experiences cause friction against the ground support missions while space stations are shut off from communications based on their unspecified timelines. The methods of course reviews in breaking the overall cycles for each point includes defining conflicts based on the resources and commitment towards preserving relationships with family, colleagues, and friends (Morphew, 2001). Review of current evidence reveals that most of the work done in making life more habitable during space flights includes identification, prevention, and treatment of psychiatric disorders and behavioral conditions. The issues affect astronauts or their performance in different stages of the mission.

There are situations where lock downs cause more harm than good while the mission progresses. Continued behavioral interviews to address longer period flight times provide astronauts with decent opportunities of discussing issues arising from post-flight effects and those that might not be seen immediately. Aids from the pharmacology fields can be adopted where necessary. The provision of best tools and measures will enable diversity in monitoring and assessing the returnee's mood whilst predicting risks and management of psychiatric disorders and behavioral conditions during space flight (Marshall-Bowman, 2011). The concept of containment also allows for emergency development that causes both crew dissatisfaction and panic. Prevention measures start with selection point and people with higher likelihood of attacks by flight emergencies are those with behavioral and psychiatric issues. It is important to eliminate them in the selection processes.

In conclusion, long duration spaceflight reveals that multitudes of physiological, psychological, environmental, and psychosocial-interface pose operations challenges to the crews' operations. The major space programs acknowledge that psychological factors comprise of integral support for well-being, performance, and health of crews while increasing safety and success of the mission. The new specialty areas in behavioral sciences include the emergence of space psychology, space habitability, space human factors, space sociology, and space performance. Medical and health professionals are in support of human spaceflight… READ MORE

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