Term Paper on "Health Care Bill Formulation"

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Health Care Bill Formulation

Oral health is a state of oral and related tissues structures in the body that contribute to physical, mental and social well-being positively, enabling the individual to enjoy all the possibilities of life. A good state of oral health allows a person to speak, eat and socialize without any hindrance by discomfort, embarrassment or pain (Mason, 2010). Oral health is thus essential for the general health and the quality of the being of the personage. It is a state of being well from the mouth, facial pain, oral and throat cancer, oral infections and sores, periodontal disease, tooth decay and loss and other disorders that affect the ability of the individual to bite, chew, speak and smile. It is clear the inseparable connection between the oral health and the overall well-being of the person.

The Target Legislation

Sitting next to a person with a bad breath is probably the most annoying situation a person can face. This raises eyebrows as to what causes the bad breath that people struggle to evade. Most people spent hundreds of thousands of dollars in America trying to maintain clean breath, buying expensive toothbrushes and toothpaste. However, this is not the effective and efficient course to follow when it concerns the oral health of the American people (Phillips, 2009). The situation worsens with the care that people can access to have their dental health status checked. This is the origin of the focus of this proposed legislation, aimed at curbing and regulation the dental healthcare service delivery in the country. The legislation will focus on vast aspects included in the dental health care to make certain that the cit

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izens get access to quality service. The connection between quality oral health and the well-being of the whole individual is remarkably inseparable. Therefore, this legislation draws from the desire to implement quality and effective oral health service, protecting the patients, people and the medical practitioners, as well.

The target of the legislation is to handle the rising cases of people suffering from ill oral health. There is the article by HuffPost blogger Deepak Chopra, who wrote on the topic of "Your mouth is the gateway to your body and not a very pristine gateway." In this article, it said and alluded that there are more bacteria in the mouth of an individual than the number of the people on earth. This is an unbelievable comparison and shocking revelation. However, shocking as it is, it is true, and thus the target of this bill is to ensure that the American people receive quality oral health care that will boost their lifestyles and individual development (Iritani, 2010). In the same article, two new studies showed the outcome about the surprising effects of the poor oral health on the overall body. Rounding up a handful of these research outcomes brought the reality of the mouth-body connection. The effect of the poor oral health affects and borders along all ages in life. The poor oral health does not select a certain group of individuals, but rather encompasses every person at the risk of getting an infection by these bacteria. The multitudes of bacteria in the mouth pose a wide form of possible illnesses associated to poor oral health. Therefore, the target legislation will focus on eliminating the possible causes of infections and providing quality and effective healthcare services to the people. It focuses on all the stakeholders in the health sector, the patients and the health professionals.

The focus of the legislation emanates from this connection between the poor oral health status and the professionals handling of the situation. Professionals keep giving advice to the public on how to maintain effective and efficient oral health care, such as mouth brushing programs, like brush twice a day or brush after every meal, yet people still get the infections. Therefore, from analyzing the articles from the various websites and the relation to the quality of oral health on the ground, the statistics alarmed to the extent of wishing to find a lasting solution to the imminent oral health crisis and malfunctioning. The bill aims to establish a direct correlation between the health providers and patients, who will help improve the overall health status of the populace.

Background Information

The American Dental Association (ADA) provides the outline of the dental course in the country, reviewing the studies regularly (Barton, 2013). According to the American Dental Association, they report that most people assume that most Americans in the present world enjoy tremendous oral health and are keeping their innate teeth in all their lives. However, this is not true for every person. The association reports that cavities are the most prevalent disease that affects people from childhood to adulthood. The association has the belief that with a better understanding of the intensive academic training and clinical education; that the dentists pass through to attain their qualification in the role of delivering oral health care is essential. The degree to which the disease has severity is key to understanding the essentials of preventing the ill oral health, for every American to benefit from the essentials of good oral health (Barton, 2013).

The American Dental Association article outlined the reasons why oral health of the individual matters using a scientific approach; that related the oral health to the general health conditions. It further went ahead to relate ill oral health to diabetes and heart disease. In response to this revelation, the world health organization (WHO) integrated the challenge of ill oral health into their chronic disease prevention efforts due to the risks to general health associated (Barton, 2013). American Dental Association has the recommendation that the visits to the dental care centers should begin no later than when the child's first birthday reaches. From this point, the dentists have the ability to provide quality guidance to the parents, guardians and children on how to deliver preventive oral health care services. Furthermore, the dentists help in providing diagnostic tools for realizing the infections at the early stages. With such an effective approach to the issue of ill health, the dental care will assist both children and adults to maintain the optimal oral health throughout their possible lifetimes on earth.

Secondly, there is the report from the Journal of Dental Research released in the year 2010. It compared the figures in the reported cases of dental health from the year 1990 to 2010, basing on all issues related to ill oral health (Chattopadhyay, 2011). Such issues include, tooth decay; tooth loose, gum disease and untreated caries among other infections. According to this research, in which over 500 scientists participated, with team members from the United States, UK and Australia, it indicated alarming results. Within the last one decade, the oral health conditions in this report increased by a resounding 20.8%. According to this report, approximately four billion people in the world-nearly half the population of the world- have ill oral health. These cases of ill health are severe as they can lead to inability to eat or sleep at night. In this report, a remarkable 35% of the global inhabitants make up the cases of individuals suffering from untreated condition such as tooth decay and cavities in the permanent teeth. The international team of researchers showed that more concern should go to the protection and prevention against periodontal diseases and untreated caries rather than tooth loss. In all sections of the world, the report raised the need for awareness and community knowledge in response to the ill oral health conditions, as these are factors affecting the overall health of an individual.

Similar to the American report, the Journal of Dental Research indicated the relation between the ill oral health and the overall body health. For instance, as the American Dental Association article indicated that heart disease can result, this report goes further to explain in details (Alliance for Health Reform, 2012). The journal indicates that when bacteria travel from the mouth to the inner lining of the heart, condition of the heart known as endocarditic occurs. This contagion can dent the heart valves and destroy them. Although the condition is treatable by use of antibiotics, severe cases require surgery or result in death. Further, the researchers linked the cardiovascular disease and diabetes to the poor oral health conditions such as tooth decay (Ramseier, & Suvan, 2010). Similarly, endocarditic, an increased amount of the mouth bacteria can find their way into the blood stream, clogging the arteries hence resulting in stroke and other life threatening strokes. The research relates that people suffering from diabetes are at a higher risk of having gum and periodontal disease. These research reports indicate the general connection between overall body health and the related cases of ill oral health.

The aim of this journal research was to establish the linking factor of the ill oral health to the general body health. This was with the aim of changing the perspective of people on the overall health and the essentiality of maintaining… READ MORE

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Quoted Instructions for "Health Care Bill Formulation" Assignment:

“

Health Care Bill Project

Please read the uploaded word file for work details and requirements.

Determine what the legislation will target; research background information; develop talking points and write a piece of legislation. The project should be 10 pages typed double spaced and a 12-point font.

Elements that must be incorporated into the project:

What will the legislation target?

Every piece of legislation came from an idea or to address an issue. You will need to determine what your legislation will target. Do research! There are so many topics in healthcare to choose from.

Examples of topics:

*****¢Elective surgery

*****¢Mental health

*****¢Substance abuse

*****¢Smoking

*****¢Bioterrorism/Emergency response

*****¢Gun bill

*****¢HPV vaccine

*****¢Oral health

Element 1: A written description outlining how you determined what your piece of legislation will target must be submitted with your project. Was it a particular article, event that helped formulate your topic? Include any research you did to determine your topic.

Research background information

To substantiate or justify the need for the legislation, information gathering is required. This information can be but not limited to:

*****¢position statements from national organizations that set scope and standards of practice, conduct research in their field

*****¢studies/reports

*****¢experts

*****¢surveys

*****¢hearings

This information will be needed to formulate talking points and the piece of legislation.

Element 2: You must include supporting documentation from at least 3 separate organizations as they relate to your topic. For example the American Heart Association, EPA, research. Be sure to cite sources and include in your bibliography.

Talking Points

Source: http://www.naccho.org/advocacy/LHDcommunications/planning/messages.cfm

Clear, well-constructed messages help people break through information overload and choose among many different sources of information. In general, a message consisting of approximately two sentences should convey a complete idea and satisfy the following criteria:

*****¢Define an issue in a specific way

*****¢Identify the cause of a problem

*****¢Be short and easy to understand

*****¢Indicate a course of action

The message helps frame the issue for the audience. Framing an issue suggests a cause and effect*****either the harmful force that endangers health (such as asbestos or risky agricultural practices), or the beneficial force that can improve health (such as nutrition education or substance abuse treatment). Framing also can depict the magnitude of a problem. Often metaphors are useful in framing.

Here*****s a partial example of how an issue*****health literacy*****might be framed:

As many as 9 in 10 Americans lack the health-literacy skills for effectively managing their health and preventing disease. The road to optimal health is a marathon, and too many of us run it wearing a blindfold.

Some important points to remember are:

*****¢Communicate clearly to the audience

*****¢Specify your request

*****¢Provide a reward that your audience cares about

*****¢Make the reward believable by providing evidence to back it up

*****¢Use vivid and appropriate images

*****¢Choose the right moment, and

*****¢Choose the right messenger.

It*****s especially important to avoid jargon; use plain language that will be understandable and interesting to a health reporter, elected official, consumer, or colleague from another field. Research shows that audiences give greater credence and respect to experts who express ideas in simple terms than to those who indulge in a lot of technical terminology.

Example:

Nurses are increasingly providing more care to Medicare patients, services that will be needed as Baby Boomers expand the program by 50% over the next

25 years.

*****¢30% of all Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries received one or more services from an APRN in 2011 (compared to 26% in 2009 and 28% in 2010.) Source: CMS.

*****¢In 2011, 100,585 APRNs directly billed Medicare Part B carriers for services provided to 10.4 million Part B fee-for-service beneficiaries.

*****¢Despite barriers to APRN practice, there is an increasing patient acceptance and satisfaction with receiving Part B services from an APRN. Though comprising just 9% of all Medicare Part B providers, APRNs treat more than three times that percentage of all fee-for-service patients.

Element 3: You must have at least 3 separate talking points. They should be written in the format above.

Bill Writing

Source: http://abacus.bates.edu/bcsg/legislation/howtowrite.html

Anatomy of Legislation

At the top of the piece of legislation are three items of interest: the legislation number, the legislation type (bill, resolution, executive appointment), and the bill title.

The body of a piece of legislation consists of two major parts: (1) Reasons why this legislation is necessary; and (2) Actions that should be taken due to those reasons.

The first part of the body consists of "whereas" clauses which outline the arguments, facts, and circumstances supporting the action to be taken. Each "whereas" clause except the last, ends in ";". The next-to-last clause ends in "; and".

The last "whereas" clause ends in ": Now, therefore, be it". This leads into the second part of the body, which begins with "Enacted," (for Bills and Executive Appointments) or "Resolved," (for Resolutions).

Following this phrase are sections which describe what is being enacted or resolved. Each section ends with ";". The next-to-last section ends with "; and", and the last ends with ".". Section numbers may be used, but are not always necessary.

The final part of a piece of legislation are the signers. This should be the group members on one line followed by title on the next line (ex. Representative, Group #1). Cosponsors (if any) are listed after in the same fashion.

A Bill

[Descriptive Title of Your Bill]

1.Whereas, [first argument or statement of background information];

2.

3. Whereas, [second argument or statement of background information]; and

4.

5. Whereas, [the last argument or statement of background information]: Now,

6. therefore, be it

Enacted,

Section 1. [first specific policy action; you can omit Sections if you have only one action]

Section 2. [second specific policy action]

Section 3. [last specific policy action]

Respectfully Submitted,

Group Names ___

Representative, ______

Possible Coauthor ____

Representative, ______

Cosponsors [if you have any]

Cosponsor

[constituency/affiliation/residence]

[list these alphabetically by last name]

LEGISLATIVE ACTION

Day, Month DD, Year:

Originally proposed.

An Example Bill

To Move Bates College to Florida While Allowing Access to Skiing

1. Whereas, Maine is really cold between October and March, 5 of the 9 months of classes;

2.

3. Whereas, most students do not enjoy the cold and want it to be warmer;

4.

5. Whereas, Florida is very warm most of the time; however

6.

7. Whereas, most students enjoy the snow and many ski or snowboard;

8.

9. Whereas, warmer weather is not conducive to skiing or snowboarding; and

10.

11. Whereas, this is an example of a proper and well-structured bill, if not a plausible idea for

12. a real piece of legislation: Now, therefore, be it

13.

14.Enacted,

15.

16. Section 1. Bates College must move to within 20 miles of Orlando, Florida during the

17. months of October through March. This move must take place over a single weekend at

18. either end and must be carried out as soon as the high temperature drops below 50

19. degrees Fahrenheit for one week.

20.

21. Section 2. The BCSG must pay for weekend plane tickets to and from New England

22. during the ski season.

23.

24. Section 3. Members of the Representative Assembly should use this document as a

25. template for their own legislation ideas. Some flexibility is allowed, but members should

26. discuss their concerns with the Parliamentarian.

Respectfully Submitted,

Bill K. Jack *****˜08

President

Tamara Wyche *****˜08

Representative, Rand Hall

Cosponsors

Ryan Creighton *****˜07

Representative, Class of 2007

LEGISLATIVE ACTION

Monday, September 25, 2006:

Originally proposed.

Element 4: A completed bill in the format described above must be included in your project. The bill must include line numbering. The purpose of numbering the lines is for a point of reference.

Assignment Requirement

Title Page that includes the names of all group members

Table of Contents that identifies who wrote/contributed to each section of the paper

Element 1: What will the legislation target?

Element 2: Research background information

Element 3: Talking Points

Element 4: Bill Writing

Bibliography Note: all sources should be cited within the body of the text using either endnotes or parenthetical form.

Sources should be cited within the body of the text and a complete bibliography should be provided in APA format.

*****

*****

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