Essay on "Globalization of Software Development"

Essay 10 pages (4533 words) Sources: 10 Style: Harvard

[EXCERPT] . . . .

Globalization of Software Development

Global software development continues to be a disruptive innovation that is re-ordering every facet of the software industry and its value chain. From high-end enterprise software development of applications used within Fortune 1,000 corporations to the reliance start-up firms throughout the Silicon Valley and elsewhere have on Indian outsourcing firms for rapid prototyping, the globalization of software development is accelerating. Best practices in these areas is often defined by the adoption of quality management and compliance frameworks by both the outsourcer and client organization. Total Quality Management (TQM) and Six Sigma frameworks and methodologies are often used for ensuring application requirements are equally understood and implemented (DCosta, 2002). Software outsourcing is also growing exponentially due to its use for streamlining out-of-date applications that need to be updated to support current and future generation information systems needs of companies relying on them. The shift from Information Technologies (it) departments attempting to do all development internally to having outsourcers handle the programming, quality testing and release is exponentially growing due to the time savings and potential to gain external expertise quickly and at a reasonable cost (Dey, Fan, Zhang, 2010). The option for many it organizations choose to pursue is select an outsourcing partner who has the needed expertise needed for next-generation applications. This strategy is very dominant in enterprise software especially, as the recruitment and retention costs of experts in a given area would be exponentially more expensive than working with the outsourcer (Hanna, Daim, 2009). There is also the issue of time-to-value and the critical role that time management plays in managing enterprise applications. There is often literally not enough resources or time for a given enterprise to plan, code, test and launch complex enterprise applications. In many industries these constraints of time, cost and the urgency to focus only on the core business are becoming so great that outsourcing application software development is often the only viable alternative to keeping an enterprise in step with the many competitive demands placed on it over time. For all of these benefits however there are just as many disadvantages and hidden costs of outsourcing software development. The intent of this analysis is to provide the best practices ascertained from an extensive literature review and continued study of this rapidly changing area of the it industry. These factors combined are the framework that GlobShop, a global travel-retail company defined in a specific case analyzed in the course, must also contend with. For GlobShop the outsourcing framework centers on scalability and growth of their business while also reducing costs. The senior management team concentrates on cost reduction yet fears losing control of their supply chain in the process. What GlobShop needs to recognize is that outsourcing needs to be used as a means to create greater value in their business, and stop using it purely as a means of cost reduction. The best practices as defined by the research completed for this paper further underscore the change in strategy that GlobShop needs to undertake. Instead of focusing purely on cost reduction or measuring outsourcing success by efficiency alone, the focus needs to be on how to create more value-add to their business through outsourcing. The shift in perspective to value add contributions need to pervade it strategies so the entire company can benefit and not just it alone. Outsourcing needs to become strategic at GlobShop in order to excel.

Global Best Practices in Outsourcing Software Development

The most common misperception regarding outsourcing software development is that it is costs or headcount related. Based on the literature review completed, ironically the majority of studies show companies who embark on software outsourcing for this motivation fail more than they succeed (Jones, 1994) (Khan, Niazi, Ahmad, 2011) (Oza, Hall, Austen, Grey, 2006). Cost reduction through outsourcing software development in fact turns out to be exactly the opposite motivation that those companies attaining best practices in this area of outsourcing attain. The path that GlobShop has taken tends to reflect worst practices instead of best practices however. They are typical of the type of it cost reduction mentality that drives outsourcing to deliver mediocre results at best. Instead of concentrating on these more tactical requirements of outsourcing, GlobShop needs to consider how their outsourcing partner can be more strategic and focused on longer-term results. They need to see the role of the outsourcer as a strategic partner for bringing much-needed change to their business model at a very systemic, basic level.

The most successful companies are choosing outsourcing to gain the critical insight and intelligence needed to design their next generation of applications quickly and at a lower cost than it would cost for hiring the experts in their native country and investing in their education. The accumulated experience of outsourcing providers in such critical areas as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Web Services, and Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) platform development surpass many of the levels of expertise in even the most advanced it organizations in the Fortune 500 companies operating globally today. GlobShop would do well to recognize that expertise in those core systems areas can accelerate them to their strategic goals and that outsourcing is not just for cost reduction. This first best practice of software outsourcing acknowledges there is a steep learning curve in any new technology area, exacerbated by the complexities of enterprise, Web-based and legacy system integration technologies (Upadhya, 2009). For any corporation to attempt to traverse the learning curve on their own, other projects would have to slip or be discounted given the limited budgets and programming staff available (Wan, Wan, Zhang, 2010). Choosing outsourcing to gain needed internal expertise quickly is a best practice that was perfected during the Y2K and Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) as Infosys at one point during their 2003 fiscal year conference call remarked than one of every three dollars they earned in that fiscal year was a direct result of their SOX expertise, which was and is in high demand by all publically-held corporations in the U.S. who must comply with this law concerning reporting (Tiwana, 2004). When CIOs and CEOs have been interviewed with regard to their decision to outsourcing SOX compliance work, their comments all resonate with a comparable focus on their current core business needing as much focus as they possibly can afford, from both a time and people-based constraint approach. Being able to outsource the significant tasks involved with re-ordering their it systems and processes to be in compliance with the SOX standards as maintained by the U.S. government freed up these companies to continue building their core businesses stronger in the midst of a recessionary climate at that time (Upadhya, 2009). Many CIOs and CEOs also mention in surveys that during this period they also chose to take advantage of the business process re-engineering expertise in Indian outsourcers and re-order core business processes surrounding their logistics and supply chain processes (Verner, 2007). This strategy also freed up critical resources needed for re-aligning it system to the rapidly evolving new business strategies throughout their companies at the same time (Siakas, Siakas, 2008). Outsourcing software in the context of this business process was a means to access exceptional levels of talent very quickly without having to incur the cost of training time and high salaries for a strategically critically important, yet relatively short-term need. All of these benefits however are lost on GlobShop as their focus continues on pure efficiency and not strategic contribution. GlobShop could use the outsourcing alliances they have to better understand how the many systems they are using today could be consolidated to deliver greater overall performance of transactions, yielding a much more positive customer experience in the process.

The impact of outsourcing effectiveness on customer experience management (CEM) systems is an area of nascent research today for example. Integrating CEM workflows into an overarching outsourcing strategy has the potential to deliver significant profitability gains over time. Additional research is required to define the causality and correlation of outsourcing accumulated experience and the ability to create greater levels of information maturity throughout an organization. It is evident from the aggregated data collected as part of this analysis that a maturity model exists across organizations attaining the highest levels of overall performance with outsourcing strategies. This dynamic is also evident in how GlobShop is managing their existing alliances with outsourcing providers and the limited success they are experiencing overall. What emerges is the following proposed Outsourcing Maturity Model, shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Proposed Outsourcing Maturity Model

At the highest levels of efficiency in outsourcing, partners and clients are orchestrating process performance while information maturity allows for much greater levels of knowledge-sharing and transaction velocities in the case of transaction systems. In the case of outsourcing providers that are concentrating on single-tier-based organizational structures, the role of collaboration becomes more apparent with data sharing across the closest influencers to an organizations' performance. Anticipating and Reacting are the levels of the proposed maturity model where the majority of… READ MORE

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