Essay on "International Politics Economics"

Essay 4 pages (1489 words) Sources: 4 Style: APA

[EXCERPT] . . . .

global economy and political spectrum varies widely from state to state and region to region. Different philosophies are adhered to and relative to the issue of global warming, which potentially affects everyone in every country, there has been some progress made in reducing carbon emissions. Yet even though this problem is global, it will take many different viewpoints and a combination of solutions to effectively combat the environmental, political, and social problems that global warming could likely give rise to.

Mercantilism is the idea that a state's economic power comes from international trade and is highly dependent on that state's access to capital (Cohen, 2008). This idea was very popular during the 6th and 17th centuries, and many European nations built their economic policies around this idea. Politically, this type of economy is relatively volatile, since it's existence is dependent upon the fluidity and freedom of trade markets between two economies. Wars and political disruptions render mercantilist states relatively benign, and this model of international trade and economy was largely abandoned in favor of other models during the late 18th and early 19th centuries (Cohen, 2008). Mercantilism argues that the entire world is one giant marketplace and that each state's economy represents a certain portion or share of this global or regional economy. The larger the share of this economy that a state possesses, the more powerful it is relative to other states.

Mercantilists were concerned with creating as much wealth from their nation's resources as possible, including the resource of human labor (Cohen, 2008). A large workforce is key to the mercantilist's argument because these workers are necessary to transform the country's resources into goods and products that can be sold on the open market. The economic power of a state rested on its ability to transform its resources into capital and wealth. If a certain type of good were available for production in one's home state, then that state would try to limit or stop importation of that particular good. Economic self-reliance was important, and many countries would not trade with one another in goods, but rather chose to trade goods for gold or silver bullion or other raw resources. The ear in which mercantilism originated was during a time period in Europe when economies were shifting from small, feudal groups to larger, nation-states that were more concerned with centralized economic wealth and power.

Liberalism is not diametrically opposed to mercantilism, but it often is in disagreement of a centralized, state-run economy. Liberalism is the idea that individuals had certain rights and freedoms, and that a state's power rested on the fact that each individual had the freedom to create and maintain diverse economic elements (Cohen, 2008). Widespread belief in and economic practice of liberalism came after mercantilism, as the identity of the individual became more important than a nationalist, centralized nation-state identity. John Locke is a great example of an early Liberalist philosopher, and the founding of America was also was born out of a liberalist ideal or mindset (Grieco, Jospeh M. And Ikenberry, John G., 2002). Economically, liberalism was a step up from mercantilism, because it appealed to humans on a more egotistical, individual level.

Structuralism is the idea that human culture is a structure made up of different organs. These organs include customs, traditions, norms, and other pieces that make up a culture or heritage (Grieco, Jospeh M. And Ikenberry, John G., 2002). Structuralism originated as a way to explain the modern world. It is used to help understand where cultures came from, and in analyzing other economies', political entities', and states' behavior and functions relative to the functions of others. Structuralism is a response to the need for order and explanation, and arose in conjunction with liberalism. Structuralists believe in the idea of strong traditions and cultural connections to a society's roots and origins. It is a way of looking at the world and making sense of the information contained within it. Society exists on a different level of reality than the individual, and should be treated accordingly. Society as a whole is not the same as the individual, and does not have the same rights and responsibilities (Cohen, 2008). Structuralism takes into account the fact that a society is made up of many different components, and that those components form the structure of that society's institutions and political objectives.

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