Term Paper on "Theology Missiology"

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Global Changes in the Missiology of the 20th Century

Item

A Paradigm Shift

The Early Church

The Modern Church

Correcting Edinburgh Explored

Formation of International Missionary Council (IMC)

Confusion Abounds

Response of Fundamentalist & Evangelical Movements

Problems Between and Among Evangelicals & Ecumenists

The Present View

GLOBAL CHANGES in the MISSIOLOGY of the 20TH CENTURY

The aim of this study is to examine the influential ideas that shaped mission thinking over the last century. This work will seek to point out to some theological differences and emphases represented by the various confessional groups such as evangelicals, ecumenical and Eastern Orthodox Church. At the same time it will seek to identify points of convergence in missionary thinking developed in the course of 20th Century that go across national and confessional boundaries. Not all missiological shifts are defined, described or included here. The main focus is on discernable changes, shifting in emphasis on the role and understanding of Church in mission, particularly in Pentecostal missiology vis -- a -vis ecumenical missiology.

This Chapter will be comprised of two closely related sections with the first section tracing the shape the Church has taken throughout its missionary worldwide expansion, particularly in the light of dominating three-self formula of the 19th century and the gradual theological shift of emphasis from Church-centered mis

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sion to a mission-centered Church. The second section will examine the relationship that exists between the kingdom, the Church and the world in the mission of God (Missio Dei) the search for a holistic missiology that dominated much of the missiological discourse in the second half of the 20th century. It will start to explore the new focus on the Trinitarian character of mission that had been evidenced after the Willingen meeting of 1952. While this study will not be one that is exhaustive in nature it will be a study that aims to identify some of the main outlines and directions of Church in mission by the end of 20th Century.

PART ONE

I. A PARADIGM SHIFT

The work of Petros Vassiliadis (2010) entitled: "Reconciliation as a Pneunatological Mission Paradigm: Some Preliminary Reflections by an Orthodox" that Pneumatology's reinforcement into the missiological reflections "has clearly marked a new era in the history and theology of mission, thus creating a new 'paradigms shift' in our understanding of our calling in Christ in the power of the life-giving Spirit." (Vassiliadis, 2010) Vassiliadis states that this began "with the Trinitarian extension of the article-base of the WCC in its 3rd Assembly in 1961 in New Delhi. With regard to the theology of mission the decisive turning point was the 1963 World Mission Conference in Mexico, after which the mission agenda was enriched by a new understanding of mission, mostly represented by a variety of terms like witness or martyria, dialogue, liberation, etc. This is not to say that Churches no longer organize evangelical campaigns or revival meetings; in fact, many Christians are still asked to take up conversion as their top priority mission. What I mean is that all Churches on the institutional level are coping in one way or the other with the questions of many contexts, many religions, many cultures and systems of values. Rather than proclamation alone, all Churches are exploring in their own ways a different understanding of "Christian witness." (Vassiliadis, 2010)

Furthermore, the church has in addition to the traditional models of evangelizing the entire world combined with mission as "proclamation and conversion in their literal sense, i.e. besides preaching Jesus Christ as "the way, the truth, and the life" as the sole savior of human sin (Acts 4:12) the Church began to address human sin in the structural complexities of our world, and started ministering the socially poor and marginalized in our societies in their contexts and above all entering into a constructive dialogue with people of other faiths." (Vassiliadis, 2010) According to Vassiliadis it was at that time that the Church "rediscovered in the Christianity her mission in a broad variety of ways." (2010)

II. The EARLY CHURCH

The early Church had its beginnings in a charismatic movement and had nothing in the way of property or buildings, certainly had no program or centers but the first Christians desired to make an affirmation of their identity with Jesus Christ in what was a hostile world as they anticipated the last days therefore the mission of these individuals was simple indeed in that their focus was gathering other believers into the body of Christ and preparing for the ending of the present age.

As Christianity spread rapidly throughout the Greek speaking world the ideas of Christians concerning missiology were influenced by the philosophy of the Greek and as they had nothing in the way of a preoccupation with Jesus returning immediately the Church became more settled and developed a mission that was concrete in nature and that was focused on saving the world through "lifting human nature to into the Divine." (Vassiliadis, 2010) According to Vassiliadis, the original mission of the church was based on John 3:16 and was specifically to love and worship God because of his love for mankind and the gift of his Son to mankind.

III. The MODERN CHURCH

Entrance into Western Europe resulted in Christianity making certain legalistic adaptations that were linked to the Roman civilization legacy as the Medieval European Church had as its focus the sinfulness of humans and an insistence on the promise of salvation obtained through a belief in Christ. This resulted in the mission of the Church being obligatory in nature instead of a form of love and devotion. The biblical foundation for the missiology of the Medieval Latin Church would, according to Vassiliadis (2010) come from Luke 14:23 which states as follows:

"The master said to the servant, Go out into the roads and the lanes, and compel the people to come to my house, so that it may be filled." (the Holy Bible cited in Vassiliadis, 2010)

Vassiliadis states that with the passing of centuries many individuals along with religious leaders "became critical of the imperial assumptions of Western Christianity. Protestant reformers (Martin Luther, John Calvin and others), challenging such a legalistic understanding of Christian mission, emphasized a theology, which stated that God offers a gift of salvation in Jesus Christ. They insisted that human nature was sinful and fallen, totally dependent upon Divine grace. There were many biblical texts used by them to support a variety of understandings of mission." (2010) the emphasis of faith was based upon Romans 1:16 which states:

"For I am not ashamed of the gospel; it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who has faith, to the Jew first and also to the Greek." (Vassiliadis, 2010)

The urgency of the early Church and its belief and anticipation in God's coming rule was based upon Matthew 24: 14 which states:

"And this good news of the kingdom will be proclaimed throughout the world, as a testimony to all the nations; and then the end will come." (Vassiliadis, 2010)

The universal understanding of missiology during the 19th and 20th centuries is stated to have prevailed throughout Christianity on the basis of the text found in Matthew 28:18-20 which states:

"All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Go, therefore, and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you always to the close of this age." (Vassiliadis, 2010)

Understood in this manner, Mission was based on the instructions of Jesus to 'go forth' however, Vassiliadis states that "...no effort was undertaken to discover the Trinitarian nuance of this verse. With a theology reminiscent of the Medieval Church, Christians have been engaged in mission out of "obedience." Mission, thus, was taken as an order, rather than as an invitation. That is why this "Great Commission" was usually understood as a "holy burden." God saved humankind and demanded all peoples; the argument goes on, to believe." (Vassiliadis, 2010)

While the 'Great Commission' is stated to have most certainly mobilized Christian Missionaries by the hundreds, in their efforts to "...found schools and hospitals and do many good works in the name of God, it also created problems. It often generated an exclusiveness, which refused all other expressions of Christian witness. Thus, the "Great Commission," became the most quoted biblical text in the modern ecumenical movement. It is not a case for mission based on the Gospel as "good news," but of mission out of obedience to God's command." (Vassiliadis, 2010) I

In addition, the Great Commission is stated to have "...borrowed heavily from the 18th century Western Enlightenment. As David Bosch noted, modern missionaries accepted most of the modern intellectual/scientific agenda: the separation between subject and object, the confidence that every problem and puzzle could be solved, and the idea of the autonomous individual. Enlightenment thinking nurtured a lofty view of… READ MORE

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Global Changes in the Missiology of the 20th Century (40 pages needed by 15 February 2010)

The aim of this chapter is to examine influential ideas that shaped mission thinking over the last century. It will seek to point out to some theological differences and emphases represented by the various confessional groups such as evangelicals, ecumenical and Eastern Orthodox Church. At the same time it will seek to identify points of convergence in missionary thinking developed in the course of 20th Century that go across national and confessional boundaries. Not all missiological shifts are defined, described or included here. The main focus is on discernable changes, shifting in emphasis on the role and understanding of Church in mission, particularly in Pentecostal missiology vis-Ãƒ -vis ecumenical missiology..

Therefore, this chapter consists of two closely related sections. The first one, traces the shape the Church has taken throughout its missionary worldwide expansion, especially in the light of dominating three-self formula of the 19th century and the gradual theological shift of emphasis from a Church-centred missionÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ to a mission-centred ChurchÃ¢â‚¬â„¢.

The second section will examine the relationship between kingdom, Church and world in the mission of God (Missio Dei) the search for a holistic missiology that dominated much of the missiological discourse in the second half of the 20th century. It will start to explore the new focus on the Trinitarian character of mission that had been evidenced after the Willingen meeting of 1952.

This will not be an exhaustive study of the subject and it aims to identify some of the main outlines and directions of Church in mission by the end of 20th Century.

Useful bibliography for this chapter:

Bosch, D.J., 1991. Transforming mission : paradigm shifts in theology of mission, Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books.

Wilbert R. Shenk, Changing Frontiers of Mission (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1999)

Phillips, James M and Robert T Coote, Toward the 21st Century in Christian Mission, Eerdmans, 1993

Anderson, Gerald Ã¢â‚¬Å“Christian Mission in A. D. 2000: A Glance Backward,Ã¢â‚¬Â. Missiology July, 2000, pp. 275 Ã¢â‚¬***** 290

Escobar, Samuel, A Time for Mission: The Challenge for Global Christianity (Leicester: InterVarsity Press, 2003

Tim, Chester. Awakening to a World of Need: The Recovery of Evangelical Social Action Tim Chester (IVP, 1993)

Terry, John Mark (2000), "Indigenous Churches", in Moreau, A. Scott, Evangelical Dictionary of World Missions, Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, pp. 483-485

The Continuing Conversion of the Church (The gospel & our culture series) by Darrell L. Guder (2000)

YATES, TIMOTHY. Christian Mission in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge. University Press, 1994.

Evangelical Dictionary of World Missions, (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001) by A. Scott Moreau Here several authors are of use to the topic.

Hiebert, Paul G. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Missiological Education for a Global Era.Ã¢â‚¬Â In Missiological Education for the 21st Century, ed.. J. Dudley Woodberry, Charles Van Engen, and Edgar J. Elliston. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1997.

Hiebert Paul G. Critical Contextualization, International Bulletin of Missonary Research, Col.11. No.3, pp. 104-112.

Pierson Paul E. Great Awakenings .in Moreau, A. Scott, Evangelical Dictionary of World Missions, Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books.

Sanneh lamin. Theology of Mission in ***** F. Ford, editor, The Modern. Theologians, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1997

Kirk J. Andrew, What is Mission? Theological Explorations. London:DLT 1999

Scherer James. Church, Kingdom and Missio Dei: Lutheran and Orthodox Correctives to Recent Ecumenical Mission Theology, in Charles van Engen The Good News Of The Kingdom: Mission Theology For The Third Millennium. 1999

Wilbert Shenk, Ã¢â‚¬Å“The Mission Dynamic,Ã¢â‚¬Â in Mission in Bold Humility: ***** BoschÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Work Considered, ed. Willem Saayman and Klippies Kritzinger (Maryknoll: Orbis.,1996

Pentecostalism bibliography

Alvarsson, Jan-Ãƒ*****¦ke 1999. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Conversion to Pentecostalism among Ethnic MinoritiesÃ¢â‚¬Â. SMT: Swedish Missiological Themes/ Svensk Missions Tidskrift 87:3 (359-388)

Amstutz, John L 1994. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Foursquare Missions: Doing More with LessÃ¢â‚¬Â. Pneuma 16:1 (63-80)

Anderson, Allan H 1999. Ã¢â‚¬Å“The Pentecostal Gospel and Third World CulturesÃ¢â‚¬Â, Paper given at the 28th Annual Meeting of the Society for Pentecostal Studies, Toward Healing Our Divisions: Reflecting on Pentecostal Diversity and Common Witness (Vol I), Springfield, Missouri, March 1999

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1999 Ã¢â‚¬Å“The Study of Pentecostalism and the Research Unit for New Religions and Christian ChurchesÃ¢â‚¬Â, SMT: Swedish Missiological Themes/ Svensk Missions Tidskrift 87:3 (447-452)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1999 Ã¢â‚¬Å“The Gospel and Culture in Pentecostal Missions in the Third WorldÃ¢â‚¬Â, Missionalia 27:2 (220-30)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1999. Ã¢â‚¬Å“The Pentecostal Gospel and Third World Cultures.Ã¢â‚¬Â SPS Vol. 1

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1999 Ã¢â‚¬Å“African Pentecostals in MissionÃ¢â‚¬Â, SMT: Swedish Missiological Themes/ Svensk Missions Tidskrift 87:3 (389-404)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 2000 Ã¢â‚¬Å“Signs and Blunders: Pentecostal Mission Issues at Ã¢â‚¬ËœHome and AbroadÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ in the Twentieth Century.Ã¢â‚¬Â SPS Vol. 1

Ã¢â‚¬***** 2000 Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe Gospel and African ReligionÃ¢â‚¬â„¢, International Review of Mission 89: 354 (373-383)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 2000. Ã¢â‚¬ËœSigns and Blunders: Pentecostal Mission Issues at Ã¢â‚¬Å“Home and AbroadÃ¢â‚¬Â in the Twentieth CenturyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢, Journal of Asian Mission 2:2, September 2000 (193-210)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 2001. "The Forgotten Dimension: Education for Pentecostal-Charismatic Spirituality in Global Perspective." SPS

Ã¢â‚¬***** 2002. Ã¢â‚¬ËœChristian Missionaries and Ã¢â‚¬Å“Heathen NativesÃ¢â‚¬Â: The Cultural Ethics of Early Pentecostal MissionariesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢, JEPTA: Journal of the European Pentecostal Theological Association XXII, 2002 (4-29).

Anderson, Bradford A 2006 'Missional Orientation and its Implications for Pentecostal Education', JEPTA 26:2 (134-46)

Bonino, JosÃƒÂ© Miguez 1994. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Pentecostal Missions is More than what it ClaimsÃ¢â‚¬Â. Pneuma 16:2 (283-288)

Bundy, Davie D 2000. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Problems and Promises: Pentecostal Mission in the Context of Global Pentecostalism..Ã¢â‚¬Â SPS Vol. 1

Cavaness, Barbara 1994.. Ã¢â‚¬Å“God Calling: Women in Assemblies of God MissionsÃ¢â‚¬Â. Pneuma 16:1 (49-62)

French, Talmadge L 2000. Ã¢â‚¬Å“The Whole Gospel to the Whole World: A History of Missions of Oneness Pentecostalism.Ã¢â‚¬Â SPS Vol. 1

Garrard, ***** J 2006 'Questionable Assumptions in the Theory and Practice of Mission', JEPTA 26:2 (102-12)

Greenway, Roger S 1994. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Protestant Missionary Activity in Latin AmericaÃ¢â‚¬Â, in Miller, Daniel R (ed). Coming of Age: Protestantism in Contemporary Latin America. Washington: University Press of America (175-204)

Gros, Jeffrey 1991. Ã¢â‚¬Å“An Ecumenical Perspective on Pentecostal MissionsÃ¢â‚¬Â, in Dempster, M W, Klaus, B D & Petersen, D (eds), Called and Empowered: Global Mission in Pentecostal Perspective. Peabody: Hendrickson (285-298)

Hodges, Melvin L 1986. Ã¢â‚¬Å“A PentecostalÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s View of Mission StrategyÃ¢â‚¬Â, in L Grant McClung (ed), Azusa Street and Beyond: Pentecostal Missions and Church Growth in the Twentieth Century. South Plainfield, NJ: Bridge Publishing (82-89)

Hollenweger, Walter J 1986. Ã¢â‚¬Å“After Twenty YearsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ Research on PentecostalismÃ¢â‚¬Â. International Review of Mission 75:29 (3-12)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1995. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Evangelism: A Non-Colonial ModelÃ¢â‚¬Â. JPT 7 (107-128)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1998. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Fire from Heaven: A Testimony by Harvey CoxÃ¢â‚¬Â. Pneuma 20:2 (197-204)

Johns, Jackie ***** 1999. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Yielding to the *****: The Dynamics of a Pentecostal Model of PraxisÃ¢â‚¬Â, Dempster, MW, Klaus, BD & Petersen, D (eds), The Globalization of Pentecostalism: A Religion Made to Travel. Oxford: Regnum Books (30-51)

Johnson, Alan R 2000. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Frontier Missions and Beyond: An Emerging Paradigm for Missions in the 21st Century.Ã¢â‚¬Â SPS Vol. 2

Johnson, Todd M 1992. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Global Plans in the Pentecostal/Charismatic Tradition and the Challenge of the Unevangelized World, World AÃ¢â‚¬Â, in Jongeneel, Jan A B, ao (eds) Pentecost, Mission and Ecumenism Essays on Intercultural Theology. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang (197-206)

Jongeneel, Jan A B 1992. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Ecumenical, Evangelical and Pentecostal/ Charismtic Views on Mission as a Movement of the Holy *****Ã¢â‚¬Â, in Jongeneel, Jan A B, ao (eds) Pentecost, Mission and Ecumenism Essays on Intercultural Theology. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang (231-246)

KÃƒÂ¤rkkÃƒÂ¤inen, Veli-Matti 1999. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Mission, ***** and Eschatology: An Outline of a Pentecostal-Charismatic Theology of MissionÃ¢â‚¬Â. Mission Studies 16:1, 31 (73-94)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 2000. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Ã¢â‚¬â„¢From the Ends of the Earth to the Ends of the EarthÃ¢â‚¬â„¢: The Expansion of the Finnish Pentecostal Missions from 1927 to 1997Ã¢â‚¬Â, JEPTA XX (116-131)

Kay, Peter 1999. Ã¢â‚¬Å“The Pentecostal Missionary Union and the Fourfold Gospel with Baptism in the Holy ***** and Speaking in Tongues: A New Power for Missions?Ã¢â‚¬Â. JEPTA 19 (89-104)

Ã‚Â¾ 2006 'Personal reflections on Incarnation as the Model for Mission', JEPTA 26:2 (127-34)

Kay, William K 2006 'Apostolic Networks and Mission', JEPTA 26:2 (156-67)

Gee, Donald 1986. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Spiritual Gifts and World EvangelisationÃ¢â‚¬Â, in L Grant McClung (ed), Azusa Street and Beyond: Pentecostal Missions and Church Growth in the Twentieth Century. South Plainfield, NJ: Bridge Publishing (62-67)

Klaus, Byron D 1991. Ã¢â‚¬Å“National Leadership in Pentecostal MissionsÃ¢â‚¬Â, in Dempster, M W, Klaus, B D & Petersen, D (eds), Called and Empowered: Global Mission in Pentecostal Perspective. Peabody: Hendrickson (225-241)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1994. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Missiological Reflections on Twentieth-Century Pentecostal Missions: North American PerspectivesÃ¢â‚¬Â. Pneuma 16:1 (3-10)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1999.. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Challenges to Pentecostal Mission Praxis in the 21st CenturyÃ¢â‚¬Â, SPS Vol. 2

Ã¢â‚¬***** 2005. "The Holy ***** and Mission in Eschatological Perspective: A Pentecostal Viewpoint", Pneuma 27:2 (322-342)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 2007. 'Pentecostalism and Mission', Missiology 35:1 (January 2007), 39-54.

Kraft, Charles H 1991. Ã¢â‚¬Å“A Third Wave Perspective on Pentecostal MissionsÃ¢â‚¬Â, in Dempster, M W, Klaus, B D & Petersen, D (eds), Called and Empowered: Global Mission in Pentecostal Perspective. Peabody: Hendrickson (299-312)

Lord, Andrew M 1997. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Mission Eschatology: A Framework for Mission in the *****Ã¢â‚¬Â. JPT 11 (111-123)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 2000. Ã¢â‚¬Å“The Voluntary Principle in Pentecostal MissiologyÃ¢â‚¬Â, JPT 17 (81-95)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 2003. Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe Pentecostal-Moltmann Dialogue: Implications for missionÃ¢â‚¬â„¢, JPT 11:2 (271-287)

Ma, Julie C. 2007. 'Pentecostalism and Asian Mission', Missiology 35:1 (January 2007), 23-37.

McClung, L Grant 1985. Ã¢â‚¬Å“From BRIDGES (McGavran 1955) to WAVES (Wagner 1983): Pentecostals and the Church Growth MovementÃ¢â‚¬Â. Pneuma 7:1 (5-18)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1986. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Truth on Fire: Pentecostals and an Urgent MissiologyÃ¢â‚¬Â, in L Grant McClung (ed), Azusa Street and Beyond: Pentecostal Missions and Church Growth in the Twentieth Century. South Plainfield, NJ: Bridge Publishing (47-55)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1986. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Spontaneous Strategy of the *****Ã¢â‚¬Â, in L Grant McClung (ed), Azusa Street and Beyond: Pentecostal Missions and Church Growth in the Twentieth Century. South Plainfield, NJ: Bridge Publishing (71-80)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1986. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Another 100 Years? Which Way for Pentecostal Missions?Ã¢â‚¬Â, in L Grant McClung (ed), Azusa Street and Beyond: Pentecostal Missions and Church Growth in the Twentieth Century. South Plainfield, NJ: Bridge Publishing (137-149)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1986. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Annotated Bibliography of Pentecostal MissionsÃ¢â‚¬Â, in L Grant McClung (ed), Azusa Street and Beyond: Pentecostal Missions and Church Growth in the Twentieth Century. South Plainfield, NJ: Bridge Publishing (173-236)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1994. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Pentecostal/Charismatic Perspectives on a Missiology for the Twenty-First CenturyÃ¢â‚¬Â. Pneuma 16:1 (11-22)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1999. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Try to Get People SavedÃ¢â‚¬â„¢: Revisiting the Paradigm of an Urgent Pentecostal MissiologyÃ¢â‚¬Â, Dempster, MW, Klaus, BD & Petersen, D (eds), The Globalization of Pentecostalism: A Religion Made to Travel. Oxford: Regnum Books (30-51)

McGavran, Donald A 1986. Ã¢â‚¬Å“What Makes Pentecostal Churches Grow?Ã¢â‚¬Â, in L Grant McClung (ed), Azusa Street and Beyond: Pentecostal Missions and Church Growth in the Twentieth Century. South Plainfield, NJ: Bridge Publishing (120-123)

McGee, Gary B 1988. Ã¢â‚¬Å“The Azusa Street Revival and Twentieth-Century MissionsÃ¢â‚¬Â. International Bulletin of Missionary research 12:2 (58-61)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1991. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Pentecostal Strategies for Global Mission: A Historical AssessmentÃ¢â‚¬Â, in Dempster, M W, Klaus, B D & Petersen, D (eds), Called and Empowered: Global Mission in Pentecostal Perspective. Peabody: Hendrickson (203-224)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1992. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Pentecostal Mission Strategies: A Historical ReviewÃ¢â‚¬Â. Missionalia 20:1 (19-27)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1994.. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Pentecostal Missiology: Moving beyond Triumphalism to Face the IssuesÃ¢â‚¬Â. Pneuma 16:2 (275-282)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1997. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Power from on HighÃ¢â‚¬â„¢: A Historical Perspective on the Radical Strategy in MissionsÃ¢â‚¬Â, in Ma, W & Menzies, R P (eds), Pentecostalism in Context: Essays in Honor of William W Menzies. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press (317-336)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1998. Ã¢â‚¬Å“The Legacy of Melvin L HodgesÃ¢â‚¬Â. International Bulletin of Missionary Research 22:1 (20-24)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1999. Ã¢â‚¬Å“The Debate Over Ã¢â‚¬ËœMissionary TonguesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ Among Radical Evangelicals: 1881-1897.Ã¢â‚¬Â SPS Vol. 2

Newberry, Warren 2001. "Signs and Wonders in Twenty-First Century Pentecostal Missiology: Continuation, Domestication or Abdication?" SPS

Pfister, Raymond R 2000. Ã¢â‚¬Å“The Ecumenical Challenge of Pentecostal Missions: A European Pentecostal Perspective for the 21st Century.Ã¢â‚¬Â SPS Vol.2

Pate, Larry D 1991. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Pentecostal Missions from the Two-Thirds WorldÃ¢â‚¬Â, in Dempster, M W, Klaus, B D & Petersen, D (eds), Called and Empowered: Global Mission in Pentecostal Perspective. Peabody: Hendrickson (242-258)

Pomerville, Paul 1986. Ã¢â‚¬Å“The Pentecostals and GrowthÃ¢â‚¬Â, in L Grant McClung (ed), Azusa Street and Beyond: Pentecostal Missions and Church Growth in the Twentieth Century. South Plainfield, NJ: Bridge Publishing (150-155)

Pousson, Edward Keith 1994. Ã¢â‚¬Å“A Ã¢â‚¬ËœGreat CenturyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ of Pentecostal/Charismatic Renewal and MissionsÃ¢â‚¬Â. Pneuma 16:1 (81-100)

Powers, *****t Evert 2000. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Missionary Tongues?Ã¢â‚¬Â, JPT 17 (39-55)

Robeck, Cecil M. Jr.. 2007. 'Pentecostalism and Mission: From Azusa Street to the Ends of the Earth', Missiology 35:1 (January 2007), 75-92.

Richie, Tony 2006. "Azusa-Era Optimism: Bishop J.H. KingÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Pentecostal Theology of Religions as a Possible Paradigm for Today", JPT 14:2 (247-260)

Saayman, Willem 1993. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Some Reflections on the Development of the Pentecostal Mission Model in South AfricaÃ¢â‚¬Â. Missionalia 21:1 (40-56)

Tarr, Dell 1991. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Preaching the Word in the Power of the *****: A Cross-Cultural AnalysisÃ¢â‚¬Â, in Dempster, M W, Klaus, B D & Petersen, D (eds), Called and Empowered: Global Mission in Pentecostal Perspective. Peabody: Hendrickson (120-136)

Wagner, C Peter 1986. Ã¢â‚¬Å“Characteristics of Pentecostal Church GrowthÃ¢â‚¬Â, in L Grant McClung (ed), Azusa Street and Beyond: Pentecostal Missions and Church Growth in the Twentieth Century. South Plainfield, NJ: Bridge Publishing (124-132)

Ã¢â‚¬***** 1991. Ã¢â‚¬Å“A Church Growth Perspective on Pentecostal MissionsÃ¢â‚¬Â, in Dempster, M W, Klaus, B D & Petersen, D (eds), Called and Empowered: Global Mission in Pentecostal Perspective. Peabody: Hendrickson (265-284)

Wilson, Michael D. 2007 "Contending for Tongues: W.W. Simpson's Pentecostal Experience in Northwest China", Pneuma 29:2 (281-298)

Yong, Amos, 2007 . 'The ***** of Hospitality: Pentecostal Perspectives toward a Performative Theology of Interreligious Encounter', Missiology 35:1 (January 2007), 55-73.

Zimmerman, Thomas F 1986. Ã¢â‚¬Å“The Reason for the Rise of the Pentecostal MovementÃ¢â‚¬Â, in L Grant McClung (ed), Azusa Street and Beyond: Pentecostal Missions and Church Growth in the Twentieth Century. South Plainfield, NJ: Bridge Publishing

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[1] ”Theology Missiology”, A1-TermPaper.com, 2010. [Online]. Available: https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/global-changes-missiology/441252. [Accessed: 3-Jul-2024].

1. Theology Missiology [Internet]. A1-TermPaper.com. 2010 [cited 3 July 2024]. Available from: https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/global-changes-missiology/441252

1. Theology Missiology. A1-TermPaper.com. https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/global-changes-missiology/441252. Published 2010. Accessed July 3, 2024.

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