Research Paper on "How Genetics Affect Child Development"

Research Paper 5 pages (1598 words) Sources: 3

[EXCERPT] . . . .

Genetics affects child development

Genetic research shows that genetic content of a child account for their characteristics and behavior. The environment also plays a vital role in child development. It is increasingly evident that no single fact can explain the intricacies of change and growth from childhood to old age. Environmental and biological factors are almost similar and related, and it is sometimes difficult to separate behaviors environmentally influenced and biologically influenced. Different genetic contents elicit different reactions from their parents, and different environments result to differences among individuals. Different researches carried out to determine the extent to which genes affect behavior in children; conclusions made show behavior in children has some genetic input.

Effect of genes on development

Biological factors are chromosomes, genes, human reproduction and cell division; which affect the building blocks of the human organism. Genetic factors also determine a child's physical traits, however, behavioral and emotional patterns might have influence from genetic factors, but not always; an excellent example is attention deficit hyperactive disorder, which is a disorder strongly, linked to genes. Environmental factors are social, ecologic, psychological influences, which affect the child's growth (Cummings, 2010, pg 333).

Following the aspect of conception, genetics and hereditary have significant effects on the specified fetal growth and development. The genetics content affects a child's growth physically. Specified genes involved in growth and development determines the chemical and physical properties that are active in governing the functions of every body cells structure. The involved genes and molecules have influence on who the child is to become. The chromosomes and genes involved in the development and growth of a child are unique and have guidelines that enable the determination of the child's sex, eye color, height and the predisposition illnesses. The genes sometimes have trigger impacts on the metabolic system to have proper functioning. There is also a corresponding belief of genetics sometimes having influence on specified behaviors inclusive of depression, homosexuality, addictive behaviors and violent characters (Bowden, 2009, pg 78).

There is an active transmission of genetic codes in living things with specifications on certain specified growth patterns. It also influences the specified offspring organization. The involved inheritance patterns include dominant and recessive inheritance factors. The patterns have certain influences on the transmission of traits inclusive of eye color, hair color and certain genetic defects. During conception, the parent sex chromosome linkage is the determinant of the child specified gender. The gender has considerable effects on the child's development and growth in the context of social, physical and personal characteristics.

External and internal specified sex genes are always present during birth with differences continuing to be viewable following the child's growth. The physical traits that have influence on the physical growth include the distribution of hair, height and the physical physique. Longevity and heath are viewable as prevalent in one considerate gender hence the active influence through genes. An example excellent is the case of hemophilia, muscular dystrophy and color blindness that are common in the male gender with scoliosis prevalent in women. The female infants have the accessibility to a higher survival rate in comparison to the same male infants with the females accessing a longer lifespan (Cummings, 2010, pg 333).

The distribution of traits amongst the biologically related individuals is possible with those not biologically related; the studies on these traits are through the families of the related members, adopted or twins. This enables the pinning down of the genes that underlie differing traits. The related individuals have the accessibility to higher gene concentration resulting from hereditary factors (Benson, 2012, pg 166).

Children learning and acquiring of certain attitudes with behaviors attributes to their respective feminine and masculine roles. This is through the strategized procedure of gender identification. Throughout the developmental course, the aspect of attributes is evident. The respective genes have influence on gender identification hence the corresponding influence on children perception of themselves as the gender typed. The respective genes play a significant responsibility in psychiatric traits inclusive of IQ and personality with distributed scientific disorders. The period having most evident gene influence is during puberty and menopause involving gene turn on and turns off. It is evident with the depiction of most genes during infancy to childhood and early to middle childhood (Benson, 2012, pg 166).

Genetics influence appears responsible for stability in comparison to substantial adjustments. This is in psychologically related variables inclusive of intelligence. The continuing genetics related effects have contributed to stability with specifications on old age. The specified genetic effect that majorly appears in transitional stages contributes solely to qualitative changes as observed in the cognitive abilities of specified children during the stages. Through cognitive abilities, the adjustments by genetics influence the stability with respect to socio-emotional developments (Benson, 2012, pg 166).there is also notable stability majorly with adolescents following rapid changes attributed to the respective genes. Hence, the specified genetic factors underlie the continuity or stability of psychological traits (Benson, 2012, pg 166).

Gene development

Gene mutation plays a significant role in genetics, although they result to differing disorders in respective living things. Sometimes, hereditary is the principal cause of disorders that enables effects in genetic development. Genetic processes are the notable control of human development from recognizable single cell to an adult human being. Genes are the structured aspects in the control of the nervous system cells with re-growth of hair cells and the skin. Genes are responsible for making the human system dynamic to handle development, growth and change (Benson, 2012, pg 166).

Parents are responsible for passing most of the specified genes to their respective children at birth through the process of genetic inheritance. During the conception, the sperm and the egg fuses with each having unique characteristics from the respective parents. Each has 23 chromosomes respectively with threadlike structures in the nucleolus that contains the genetic material. The chromosomes then combine to enable the production of 23 chromosomes also known as autosomes. The 23rd chromosome is the Y or X chromosome that determines the sex of the child. The chromosomes contain the deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) which contains chemical compounds responsible for causing the creation of specified amino acids and enzymes from the cell as the building blocks. The compounds have specified biochemical instruction capable of gene formation. The genes, therefore, are the considerable, fundamental hereditary units that enable the determination of chemical substances production that forms the basis for every human characteristic (Benson, 2012, pg 166).

The development to an adult life constitutes the genetic makeup with genes involved in the growth process from one stage to the next. Any active little child constitutes inactive genes or repressed genes that switch on with the manifestation of respective effects as the child continues to grow. Some of the genes codes to assist certain parts of the brain maturity, thus a child, is capable of thinking relating to human beings behavior and emotions. The coding of the genes ensures that every part of the cortex reaches maturity hence enabling the child to make specified perceptions with corresponding moods. Differing domains of the respective brain mature at dissimilar stages during childhood (Cummings, 2010, pg 333).

The thoughts of a developing and growing child are capable of telling that the respective genes are on with the readable ones. Therefore, specified changes that characterize childhood results from the genes. The encounter with people having abnormalities is due to the genome that does not have similarity with everyone else's. The DNA radiation is capable of altering the structures of specified genes hence resulting to gene mutation. Mutation causes anomaly that is capable of altering subsequent generations. This corresponds to the various subsequent genes as it results to disruptions of the bodily functions with altered protein production. Through this aspect, the respective genes play a significant role in cancer, diabetes,… READ MORE

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