Methodology Chapter on "External Market Forces"

Quoted Instructions for "External Market Forces" Assignment:

I am interested in reproducing a similar doctoral level study that was done on private higher education institutions in the US mid west and apply it to our own setting in Jamaica.

The reference for the study that was done in the US is as follows:

Grandgenett, L.D. (2007). A Quantitative Analysis of Strategic and Financial Changes in Small, Private Higher Education Institutions (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2007). Retrieved February 20, 2010, from the Dissertation and Thesis @ University of Phoenix database.

DRAFT CHAPTER 1:

Proposed Dissertation Topic

A quantitative analysis of strategic and financial changes in small, private, not for profit higher education institutions in Jamaica

This research will identify specific and concrete strategic and financial practices that can be utilized by executive management in small, private, not for profit higher education institutions to promote and encourage ongoing innovation. The findings will yield important information and recommendations for leadership in similar institutions insofar as creating, managing and maintaining high levels of creativity and innovation.

Significance - The importance of this study to the sector and to the field of leadership:

The effective management of innovation is oftentimes considered to be a catalyst for organizational growth and competitiveness (Tao et al 2010). As the *****s also asserted, sustained innovation within an essentially stable organization has proven to be quite complex, and oftentimes difficult to study and to achieve. This study will determine specific and concrete long-term practices that will encourage sustained innovation and improved financial results. The uncertainties and decision-making issues that leadership must deal with in creating innovation are extensive, and the proposed research, therefore, will prove a clear method for identifying and encountering such issues.

Background of the Problem:

Most educational and business leaders agree that innovation is a key to organizational success in most industries, yet most of these same leaders acknowledge that they do not know how to actively manage innovation (Von Stamm 2008, pp. xi). Many essential factors in the management of creativity and success have been identified, often in complex and seemingly contradictory interactions with each other, which has only served to further confuse the issue (Smith & Tushman 2005). This research project will identify specific and concrete practices that can be utilized by management in small, private higher educational institutions to promote ongoing innovation. There was a major financial crisis or melt down in Jamaica during the period 1996-1998 and I thought it would be instructive to analyze the impact of the institutional strategies employed during this period compared to a subsequent period, 2000-2004, in light of the various external factors including unique market forces, on the institution’s enrolment and financial performance. Small, private, not for profit higher educational institutions seemed to have been the ones mostly affected or were impacted negatively by the financial crisis during the period.

Problem Statement - Thoughts about the overarching rationale or reason for the study:

In general, the changing global financial situation and rapid growth in information technologies have created the need to reexamine how innovation is created and managed. External knowledge has become ever more important, and changes at a much faster pace, requiring greater innovation simply to keep up in most industries especially for organizations that have experienced a decline in creating innovation (Chesbrough 2004).

The specific problem to be addressed is the absence of empirical evidence that correlates changes in leadership strategies and external pressures such as market forces and disruptive innovations with changes in financial performance within small, private not for profit higher educational institutions in Jamaica during the periods 1996 to 1998 (the period of the local financial crisis) and 2000 to 2004 (post financial crisis). The absence of evidence about which strategies work diminishes the ability of higher educational leaders of these institutions to respond effectively to the economic pressures and constraints leadership to a trial and error strategic option that many of these institutions cannot afford (Newman, Couturier, & Scurry, 2004)

Purpose Statement - Statement that reflects the purpose of my proposed study:

The purpose of the proposed quantitative analysis is to determine whether relationships were evident between changes in institution’s strategy and external forces such as certain market forces and disruptive innovation and changes in the financial performance of small, private, not for profit higher education institutions in Jamaica. The design of the study involves a correlation approach to determine changes in institutional strategies and external factors and changes in financial performance from 1996 through 1998 and 2000 through 2004. In effect, the study will also seek to identify specific financial and strategic practices that have been shown to promote and encourage innovation in small, private not for profit higher educational institutions.

The study will use a modified Likert-style survey instrument that will interview leaders about changes of particular strategies and external factors (independent variables) influencing these firms with changes in enrolment and financial performance (dependent variables) during the same period. Responses to this inventory instrument from 75 institutions will provide data on the extent to which these firms changed strategies and were influenced by external competitive pressures including changing demographics and market forces.

Research Questions:

RQ1: What is the relationship between changes in institutional strategies (IV) deployed by small, private not for profit higher education institutions in Jamaica and external factors (IV) such as market forces between 1996 through 1998 and 2000 through 2004 and changes in enrolment and financial performance? (DV)

RQ2: What is the relationship between changing external factors (IV) such as market forces that influenced small, private for profit institutions in Jamaica between 1996 through 1998 and 2000 through 2004 and changes in enrolment and financial performance? (DV).

H1A: There is a positive correlation between changes in institutional strategies deployed by small, private not for profit institutions in Jamaica between 1996 through 1998 and 2000 through 2004 and external factors such as market forces and changes in enrolment and financial performance.

H10: There is no correlation between changes in institutional strategies deployed by small, private not for profit institutions in Jamaica between 1996 through1998 and 2000 through 2004 and external factors such as market forces and changes in financial performance.

H2A: There is a positive correlation between changing external factors such as market forces that influenced small, private not for profit higher education institutions in Jamaica between 1996 through 1998 and 2000 through 2004 changes in enrolment and financial performance.

H20: There is no correlation between changing external factors such as market forces that influenced small, private not for profit higher education institutions in Jamaica between 1996 and 1998 and 2000 through 2004 and changes in enrolment and financial performance.

Research Method:

A quantitative, correlation analysis will be used.

Reasons why this Research Method is the Best Fit for the Problem to be Researched and the Data that will be Required

Quantitative, correlation analysis of such abstract human features as innovation might at first seem misplaced, but such techniques have been commonly used in similar research in order to yield more concrete and directly applicable results (Von Stamm 2008; Tao et al 2010). The correct identification and quantification of certain qualitative variableâ€*****"such as strategiesâ€*****"and ultimately quantitative variables such as enrolment and financial performance are proper so long as explicit definition is provided and adhered and, and multi-layered analysis is conducted to determine true correlation and significance (Von Stamm, 2008).

Furthermore, although it is possible to determine the relationships between changing institutional strategies and external factors such as certain market forces and changing enrolment and financial performance through qualitative methods, a qualitative approach would constrain the study in terms of restricting the number of participants and amount of data collected, extending the time for collection, and reducing the ability to generalize the results of the investigation (Leedy & Ormond, 2005; Simon, 2005). A quantitative research design will provide an objective means to collect and analyze a wider range of longitudinal data across a larger population than permitted by a qualitative methodology (Cooper & Schindler, 2003).

REQUIRED SPECIFICATIONS FOR CHAPTER 3

Introductory Paragraph:

2 Required Parts

1. Discussion begins with restatement of purpose statement to introduce reader to the need for study.

2. Discussion reflects brief overview of chapter

RESEARCH METHOD & DESIGN APPROPRIATENESS

3 Required Parts

1. Elaboration (from the discussion in chap 1) of rationale for research method (quantitative, qualiattive or mixed) appropriateness, include a discussion of why the selected method was chosen instead of another. Explain why quantitative method selected instead of qualitative.

2. Eloboration (from discussion in chap 1) of rationale for research design appropriateness to the study. Discussion is not simply a listing of description of research designs.

3. Elaboration of why the proposed design will accomplish the sudy goals and why the design is the optimum choice for this specific research?

POPULATION, SAMPLING, AND DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES AND RATIONALE

1. Population: Elaboration of population information given in chap 1. Description matches the overview discussion given in chap 1.

2. Sampling: Elaboration of inforamtion given in chap 1. Discussion reflects sampling number (ie particiants), how the sampling number was determined, and characteristics of the sample.

3. Discussion reflects study participants*****' informed consent, confidentiality, and geographic location information.

4. Data Collection: Elaboration of information given in chap 1.

Data Collection:

i. The research will use a modified Likert-style survey instrument that will interview institutional leaders about changes of institutional strategies and external factors (independent variables) influencing these institutions with changes in enrolment and financial performance (dependent variables) during the same periods.

ii. The institutions will be chosen in a non-probability or non-random sampling manner. A purposive method will be used as they will be chosen according to specific criteria or hand-picked because of certain required characteristics (*****, 2009).

iii. From secondary data observed, it was estimated that the target population size is approximately 50. According to Leedy & Armond (2007), a representative and sufficient sample size, therefore, should be about 100% of this estimated population size; that equates to 50 institutions.

iv. However, a relatively smaller sample size would also be adequate or effective given the fact that the institutions within the population are fairly homogenous or alike in respect to the characteristics of research interests (Leedy & Ormrod, 2005).

v. Responses to the proposed inventory instrument from these 50 institutions will provide data on the extent to which these institutions changed their strategies and were influenced by external competitive pressures including changing demographics and market forces.

Discussion should reflect the following:

(a) Techniques used and rationale for the technique(s) selected, including a comparison to other techniques that could be used

(b) Kind of data to be collected and rationale for the kind of data

5. Data Collection: Discussion reflects the kind of data which will be collected,a s well as appropriateness to research design and dissertation problem.

6. Instrument(s) Selection Appropriateness

Discussion includes: Why were these intruments chosen over others? What is their appropriateness to this study?

7. Instrument(s) Reliability

Is the instrument validated? If not, applicable pilot study is discussed.

VALIDITY - INTERNAL & EXTERNAL

2 Required Parts

1. Internal

2. External

DATA AN*****S:

2 Req. Parts

1. Identification of the data analysis that will be performed

2. Data an*****s technique selection appropriateness to research design

ORGANISATION AND CLARITY

2 Req. Parts

1. Well organised: Discussion relates a logical understanding of the overall research design selected for the study.

2. Discussion presents an in-dept analysis of the research design rather than a listing of what will be used.

CHAPTER SUMMARY:

3 Req. Parts

1. Discussion summarises key points presented in chapter 3

2. Supportig citations are given for key points

3. Chap summary ends with transition discussion to next chap.



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