Term Paper on "Exposure in Vivo Therapy for Agoraphobia"
Term Paper 4 pages (1319 words) Sources: 6
[EXCERPT] . . . .
Exposure Therapy for AgoraphobiaA FACE-OFF WITH FEAR
Agoraphobia
Agoraphobia is an anxiety or panic disorder of intense fear of places where escape is perceived as difficult or help unavailable (Medline Plus, 2010; Sanderson, 2010). These places include crowds, bridges, stores, restaurants, movie theaters, areas of travel or simply being alone in the outside world. A person with this disorder avoids these places and situations out of fear of a panic attack. A panic attack is an episode of intense fear or discomfort with specific symptoms, followed by a period of about a month of anxiety about going through the same experience. A change in behavior may also develop. Among common symptoms are rapid heartbeat, sweating, chest pain or discomfort, trembling or shaking, shortness of breath, a feeling of choking, nausea, dizziness, numbing, chills and fear of losing control or dying. Agoraphobia often accompanies a panic disorder or attack. Current annual figures estimate that 1-3.5% of the population will experience a panic disorder (Medline Plus, Sanderson).
Agoraphobia often occurs when a person with a previous panic attack begins to fear situations, which can lead to another panic attack (Medline Plus, 2010). It can develop at any age but is most common at age 25 and more often among women than men. Symptoms of agoraphobia include being housebound for long periods, dependence on others, fear of being alone, feeling of helplessness and perception of the body or the environment is unreal. The person feels that he is seriously ill or dying. He may also go to the emergency room in the belief that he is about to have a heart attack. Diag
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A meta-analytic review of 42 psychological treatments of panic disorder proved their efficacy in cases of agoraphobia and related conditions (Sanchez-Meca, 2009). The most effective was the combination of exposure -- interoceptive and in vivo -- therapy, relaxation training or breathing retraining techniques (Sanchez-Meca). A randomized controlled comparison was also conducted on the effects of the three types of self-exposure treatment on 80 outpatients over a period of 10 weeks with daily exposure (Ito et al. 2001). These three types were external, interceptive or combined external and interoceptive. Results showed that all three types were significantly and similarly effective at 60% at post-treatment and 70% at follow-up and in short or long-term duration (Ito et al.).
Most people who suffer from agoraphobia can cope by just avoiding the feared object or situation (Greist & Jefferson, 2007). But exposure therapy remains the choice treatment. It can be performed correctly even without a therapist. Drug therapy has been shown not to be very useful, although anti-anxiety drugs may help sufferers in the short-term (Greist & Jefferson).
In Vivo Exposure
This method operates on the three concepts of respondent conditioning, respondent extinction and learning theory (Porter et al., 2006). It has proved effective in many cases of anxiety disorder. It creates situations wherein the patient confronts the feared situation… READ MORE
Quoted Instructions for "Exposure in Vivo Therapy for Agoraphobia" Assignment:
Instructions:
You will conduct a literature review of one behaviour therapy (or cognitive-behavioural therapy, or a specific behaviour modification programme) that is used to change a particular target behaviour, or to effect change within a specific population. You will: briefly describe the population or target behaviour that is the focus of the therapy; include a brief history of the use of that behaviour therapy for the behaviour or population under discussion, indicating relevant ethical or political issues; describe the specific principles of behaviour modification that underlie the therapy; and explore the effectiveness of the method for this population or behaviour from your reading of the relevant efficacy and effectiveness research. Note that a minimum of 4 peer-reviewed journal articles must be included in your literature review. Note also that because the aim of this assignment is to facilitate your understanding of the historical, theoretical, ethical (and potentially political) issues underlying the topic you have chosen to investigate, it is important that your writing goes beyond mere description to become a critical analysis of the issues associated with your topic.
Topic choice: Exposure (in vivo) Therapy for Agoraphobia
Further Details: Must be written in accordance with the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 5th Edition, 2001.
Requests: Please do not publish or resell this item. In addition, a microsoft word file would be appreciated.
Free Features requested: Title page, references/works cited in APA 5th edition.
How to Reference "Exposure in Vivo Therapy for Agoraphobia" Term Paper in a Bibliography
“Exposure in Vivo Therapy for Agoraphobia.” A1-TermPaper.com, 2010, https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/exposure-therapy-agoraphobia/7113. Accessed 5 Oct 2024.
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