Annotated Bibliography on "Evans, C. (2004). Murder Two"

Quoted Instructions for "Evans, C. (2004). Murder Two" Assignment:

In Module 2, you provided case information for your BYOCS scene. You are now responsible for identifying references to bolster your discussion of the case, as well as any information that would support the evidence found at your scene.

As such, you will be responsible for locating at least four (4) reliable and scholarly references to support the information found in your BYOCS scene. Example includes scholarly journal articles (such as those in the Journal of Forensic Sciences, Journal of Forensic Identification, and Criminology) found in the Saint Leo Library. In addition, you can access reliable websites, such as the FBI (FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin) and other governmental websites.

In addition, you will provide a one to two paragraph *****summary***** of the reference, as well as explain how it relates to your case information. This is known in some academic circles as an *****annotated***** reference page. You will follow APA style formatting for this part of the project. Please use Arial Font 12 points double space.

To access this website you might need my username: jahaira.delapaz and password: angel2007

http://web.ebscohost.com.ezp*****.saintleo.edu/ehost/results?hid=119&sid=c99b3ac6-c910-42ec-bfc2-ebe0de7d3535%40sessionmgr115&vid=3&bquery=(JN+%22Forensic+Science%22)&bdata=JmRiPXNjaCZ0eXBlPTAmc2l0ZT1laG9zdC1saXZl

Below is Part 1 Case Information:

On the afternoon of February 8, 2007, I received a dispatch call on a potential homicide at 1100 SE Lynn Boulevard, Prineville, Oregon. This location is the local high school, named Crook County High School. The information given to me prior to my arrival at the scene is as follows:

Upon arrival to the scene, school security guard William Parkins and responding Officer Edward Richardson of Crook County Police department provided some information to me. Parkins provided to me the name of the victim, Marc Hollingsworth. Officer Richardson informed me that Hollingsworth*****s mother, Karen Lynn Griesel Hollingsworth, was already notified and currently en route to our location. Parkins then told me that student and girlfriend of the victim, Amber Johnson, had been the one to find Hollingsworth*****s body after seeing his red 2000 Ford F150 in the back row of the school parking lot. Soon before seeing him, Johnson had been waiting at a stop light in order to return to the school lot when she had heard a loud noise. She presumed it to be a vehicle backfire or a car crash nearby, but was too preoccupied to pay further attention to the sound.

Officer Richardson informed me of the paths around the vehicle that had been taken by Johnson, Parkins, himself, and the EMS team, as the lot was still quite empty from lunch hour. Officer Richardson informed me that Johnson had touched the door handle, moved the body in an attempt to wake Hollingsworth, and once she determined his status, to check for a pulse. EMS had not moved the body after Johnson, as it had already been in a position to check for a pulse, Officer Richardson stated.

Also relayed to me was the location of the body within the vehicle and obvious evidence within the vehicle. When first opening the truck door on the driver side, I completed an observation and determined that because of the small area within the truck, it would be best to conduct a grid search of the interior of the vehicle and a quadrant search of the exterior of the vehicle. The surrounding area and the parking lot would be searched using a linear search from the central point being the truck if it was found as necessary.

Before entering the crime scene, I applied my personal protective equipment upon my body in order to protect myself and the crime scene. As I entered the vehicle from the passenger side, I observed that the vehicle was turned off without keys in the ignition, the doors had been unlocked, and the windows had been rolled up fully (Fisher, 2004). I created a sketch and took notes as to where all evidence found was located. Based on the crime scene, an overview sketch appeared to be the best method (U.S. Department of Justice, 2011s). I measured each object from two perpendicular locations in order to accurately report its exact point within the truck.

I first worked on the passenger side of the vehicle. The carpet appeared clean, the seat was undamaged, and there did not appear to be any other person in the vehicle recently with the victim. Though there were no obvious pieces of evidence on the passenger side, I took pictures of the carpet, seat, dashboard, ceiling, door, glove box, and underneath the seats. I took photos with an issued digital camera in order to see a view of the crime scene almost as it appeared in real life. There appeared to be fingerprints on the seat belt clip. These fingerprints were lifted.

After processing the interior passenger side of the vehicle, I moved to process the driver side of the vehicle. It is apparent that this is the half of the vehicle where the homicide took place and there will be much evidence to process. Victim Marc Hollingsworth appeared to have suffered a single gunshot wound to his right temple, right above his ear at eyebrow height. I began by recording this information by sketch and digital photograph. The photograph was taken close up of the wound without any scales of measurement. Not including the head wound, Hollingsworth did not appear to have suffered any other injuries, nor were their signs of struggle. Upon observation, it appeared that the gunshot wound resulted in the bullet entering Hollingsworth*****s head without an exit point. There was a lack of an exit wound in Hollingsworth*****s head or clear portions of the vehicle. After taking pictures of Hollingsworth, I began to process the body. I collected fibers from the victims clothing and checked his hands for defensive wounds. No defensive wounds were found, but clenched in his hand was a piece of paper that appeared to be a suicide note upon first examination. There was liquid on the right side of his black jacket that appeared to be blood from his wound. After collecting evidence from the body, I fingerprinted the steering wheel, rear view mirror, keys, door handle, and what appeared to be the weapon ending Mr. Hollingsworth*****s life, a .22 sporting Ringer rifle and casings that were bagged and logged as evidence. The rifle was found between the victim and the passenger seat. I finished by fingerprinting the interior and exterior of the car.

A twenty four hour period after processing the crime scene information, I met with a medical examiner to take more photographs of the wound. The victim had needle dots in the hip area on his right side and had an insulin monitor attached. The electronic device noted that Hollingsworth was a sever Type I Diabetic, and that his insulin pump was currently broken. Photographs of the insulin pump needle marks and gunshot wound were taken in office at scale.

Every step to the crime scene process was very significant. The photographs assist the crime scene investigator to recall the process of taking evidence and acts as a second eye to anything that may have been missed. They are useful in court and if others want to examine the crime scene later.

The sketch will prove to be beneficial because it will display the way and place the body was found, the dimensions of the truck interior, and where evidence was found in reference to this, With overview sketching one is able to determine where evidence is in reference to all other objects and the interior of the vehicle. When reconstructing the crime scene, both the photographs and the sketches will assist greatly, to investigative teams and within the courtroom. The notes that were documented at the crime scene will help in the reconstruction process, and help with the less reliable human memory.

Evidence within the vehicle assisted most. Each was bagged separately with notes regarding observation. Each bag provided my name, date and time, my agency name, case number, victim name, and a description of the evidence. I collected fingerprints and blood from the victim*****s shirt. The fibers from his jacket were used to verify each person*****s story and to see if any others came into contact with him. The shell casing was collected to verify that they had come from the collected rifle. The insulin pump verified that Hollingsworth*****s insulin levels were off, and the note provided insight into his last thoughts.

The collected evidence was personally submitted by me to the Crook County Police Department Crime Lab for analysis. Many teams within the crime lab were used to analyze evidence. The latent unit processed the collected fingerprints, the toxicology unit processed the victim*****s blood, the biology unit will process the fibers from the shirt, the firearms unit will process the victim*****s body for gunshot residue and test the shell casings to verify the gun shot the bullet, and the forensic unit will analyze the supposed suicide note the victim was grasping at death (Saferstein, 2004).

After the evidence was analyzed, it was found that the fingerprints inside the vehicle belonged to the victim with the exception of the passenger seatbelt buckle, which belonged to the victim*****s thirteen year old sister. The fibers on the victim*****s shirt belonged to pets, including dogs, cats, and chinchillas. Liquid on the shirt was verified as the victim*****s blood. The shell casings belonged to the victim*****s rifle, and prints lifted from the gun were only the victim*****s. The suicide note was found to be authentic and in the victim*****s handwriting. Alcohol was found in the victim*****s body, and his insulin was not leveled.

The results of the analysis coincide with the statements taken from the victim*****s family, friends, classmates, and teachers. Statements showed that Marc Hollingsworth was depressed, alcoholic, temporarily unable to receive insulin, and about to be kicked out of school and transferred to an alternative school. March Hollingsworth carried his hunting rifle in his truck and decided to end his own life by a gunshot wound to the head.

This is an example of the Annotated reference page I am looking for to follow:

Baeza, J., Casey, E., Chisum, J., La Fon, D., McGrath, M., Petherick, W., et al. (2002). Criminal profiling: An introduction to behavioral evidence analysis (2nd ed.). Retrieved October 10, 2008, from http://books.google.com/books?id=1V2SRqrTnLgC&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=scholarly+journals+on+strangulation+homicides&source=web&ots=CA6tyMvjAC&sig=uMhehSgvhudHigTxCNGQ5AwxDnI&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=5&ct=result#PPP1,M1

I am utilizing this text book because it provides information about a

strangulation homicide case. It describes that the victim died of asphyxia, the *****lack of oxygen and blood sugar reaching the brain due to the blood vessels of the neck having been compressed*****. It also states that the victim was manually strangled and provides details of her injuries. These descriptions will help in creating my crime scene. It will allow me to take information from a real case and apply it to mine. The injuries I create on my victim will be true injuries that would be appear on an actual victim of manual strangulation. Some of these injuries include fingernail marks and bruising on the victim*****s neck .

Bell, M., Davis, J., Dolinak, D., Dowling, G., Lew, E., Matshes, E., et al. (n.d.). Forensic pathology. Retrieved October 10, 2008, from http://books.google.com/books?id=JdtgE0eHTL4C&pg=PT245&lpg=PT245&dq=%22strangulation+homicide%22&source=web&ots=Tcgbs1MSn7&sig=m7KpHgOWs6Krg8mG7fLJOQtYOU0&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result#PPT45,M1

I utilized this textbook (electronic source) because it describes what symptoms would be visible when asphyxia occurs. It also gave me a term to *****name***** my strangulation case; it is mechanical asphyxia . The definition being that when there is enough pressure placed on the neck, it results in respiration being impossible or difficult, which would apply to strangulation. It also discusses that pitechiae petechia would be observed on the neck and face because the blood builds up in the capillaries. Within the text it is also stated that strangulation victims are usually women, or an elderly person of a small build and that the suspect is usually larger than the victim and most times male. Also that a rape kit should be performed, and that suicidal strangulations do occur but are rare . Collection of evidence is also discussed. Some items that should be collected are fingernail clippings, trace evidence, and the ligature (if applicable). This book was very helpful as it gave detailed information of injuries sustained and evidence that needs to be collected .

DiMaio, V.J. (2000). Homicidal asphyxia. American journal Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 1, 1-4. Retrieved October 13, 2008, from PubMed database.

This article contained information on 133 cases of strangulation victims. It gives the percentages of those who were manually strangled opposed to being strangled by a ligature and also lists injuries that are found in on the victims. This article discussed that strangulation by ligature is the most common category of strangulation homicides. In cases of manual strangulation most victims exhibited petechiae. Some other injuries sustained in manual strangulation are fractures of the thyroid, hyoid, or cricoid cartilage. Also stated is that rape is a motive for almost half of the victims who were manually strangled. I found this article helpful because it gives me injuries that the victim in my case may have sustained .

Fisher, B. A. J. (2004). Techniques of crime scene investigation (7th Ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

This textbook is a good source of information in finding out what should

be noted when entering a crime scene. It also provides information on how to collect certain types of evidence such as glass, hairs, and fingerprints. It also gave insight on lifting fingerprints from skin by a technique called the Kromekote Lift Technique. It did say in the book that that lifting technique is unsuccessful most of the time but may be attempted. Also included in the text is a section on strangulation homicides. It provides what kind of marks would be found on the neck of the victim if manually strangled. I think this book is useful in learning the techniques of collecting evidence .

McClane, G., & Strack, G. (1999). How to improve your investigation and prosecution of strangulation cases. Retrieved September 19, 2008, from http://www.ncdsv.org/images/strangulation_article.pdf

I found this article very helpful as it provided important information on strangulation cases. It provided information on the signs and symptoms of strangulation victims. Some injuries that may occur in strangulation cases may not be apparent until several hours after the crime was committed. The article states that victims may involuntarily urinate and/or defecate, also that there will be visible injuries to the neck and that some may be from the victim trying to defend themselves. It also provided the difference between claw marks and scratch marks and the difference between hanging and manual strangulation. Photographs of the injuries should include both wide shots and close ups. It also stressed that a ruler should be used when photographing injuries and that UV photography should be used .

Pex, J. (n.d.). Domestic violence photography. Retrieved October 7, 2008, from http://www.crime-scene-investigatior.net/dv-photo.html

This article was helpful because it provided information on how to photograph injuries on a victim of domestic violence. I was specifically looking for a type of camera and/or film that would be used to enhance the appearance of bruises on a victim. This article provides that information. Special wavelength photography is used to enhance the visibility of the bruises. The Omnichrome 1000 or Omnichrome FLS 5000 have wavelengths that emit a blue light which is helpful. This article also lists types of film that aid in photographing bruises .

Saferstein, R. (2004). Criminalistics: An introduction to forensic science. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

I utilized this textbook for information on which units in a forensic/crime laboratory will conduct analysis on certain types of evidence. Some of the units written about are toxicology, latent fingerprint, polygraph, biology and photography. I used this textbook to determine how and by whom the evidence collected would be examined. This book also discusses how DNA is analyzed and what CODIS is and why it is such a valuable system. The skin and blood samples taken from the victim*****s fingernail scrapings will help to identify the suspect. The analysis of DNA is crucial to find the identity. The text book describes methods such as short tandem repeat and polymerase chain reaction as a part of the analysis .