Article Review on "Enhancing Memory Performance"
Article Review 5 pages (1418 words) Sources: 1 Style: MLA
[EXCERPT] . . . .
Enhancing memory performance may be considered a worthwhile avenue of study. Furthering knowledge into how memory exactly works is valuable to education providers trying to develop strategies to improve learning among students. It may also prove helpful to clinicians that seek to further understand mechanisms involved in disorders that are characterized by memory loss. What factors contribute to improved memory of information obtained during the learning process?McNamara & Healy (2000) sought to investigate this question to its fullest extent. These researchers focused in on a phenomenon known as the generation effect. This term refers to the increased retention of learned information that is demonstrated as a result of self-generating material rather than material that is passively obtained, through methods such as copying or reading. According to these researchers, when individuals generate information, there is a much greater probability that the information will be available for later recognition and recall. Furthermore, actually participating actively in the learning process has been found to facilitate greater retention in comparison to passive observation.
The goal of the research study conducted by McNamara & Healy (2000) was to test the procedural account of the generation effect, or to identify whether reinstating the procedure involved in original encoding of information at the time of cued recall would facilitate recognition and recall. According to the researchers, there are two important components to this account. First, the most important factor involved in the generation effect is that the participants are using cognitive operations that somehow join
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The researchers in this study, McNamara & Healy (2000), studied the generation effect through the examination of episodic memory for answers to multiplication problem that were either generated or simply read by participants. One advantage to using arithmetic problems in the exploration of the generation effect is that the mental procedures of connecting operands to answers during the solving of arithmetic problems is well defined, straightforward, and consistent across participants, much more so than for those procedures involved in linking verbal information. Another advantage is how arithmetic problems are very useful for the examination of the generation effect for tasks involving episodic memory, or tasks where participants must remember the occurrence of generated or passively observed material during the experimental session.
There were two hypotheses of the study conducted by McNamara & Healy (2000). First, consistent with a procedural account, the generation effect would be larger for simple multiplication problems than for problems that were more difficult during an episodic memory task. This hypothesis rests in the belief that participants must be able to reinstate the cognitive operations involved in encoding at the memory test. The procedures involved in the increased encoding of data from simple multiplication problems may be described by the operand retrieval strategy. This refers to process in which a participant recalls and combines operands seen during the study phase and uses relevant operation on the operands to derive answers and check familiarity of responses. According to the researchers, this strategy results in a greater generation effect because participants are engaging in cognitive operations that connect the cue and target both at study and at test.
The second hypothesis of the study by McNamara & Healy (2000) was to disprove the belief that the generation effect is a result of increased effort used to process the information when it is self-generated compared to when it is passively observed. This belief is known as the effort hypothesis.
In order to investigate the generation effect in relation to the procedural account, McNamara & Healy (2000) conducted three experiments. In experiment 1 they compared the generation effect observed for multiplication problems that were either simple or difficult. The participants were shown 12 simple problems or 12 difficult problems, and generated half the answers and read the other half of the answers in either group. A free-recall procedure was used to test… READ MORE
Quoted Instructions for "Enhancing Memory Performance" Assignment:
The paper will be written about the attached article called *****A Procedural Explanation of the Generation Effect for Simple and Difficult Multiplication Problems and Answers.*****
In your paper, you will describe the journal article for an audience of non-specialists using the style of an article in Trends in Cognitive Science. Example on this page: http://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:4RS7jdj6EiEJ:daisy.ym.edu.tw/summerschool/05/cathy2.pdf+%22speech+specific+auditory+processing%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=2
Of course, the paper will be much shorter than the example, but you can use the Price paper as an example of the level of detail and formality that is appropriate. Your paper should not be written like a journal article, and it need not use APA style.
The goals of the paper are to:
1) Indicate why the general topic of the journal article is of interest to non-experts.
2) Describe the general theoretical issues addressed by the article. -
3) Describe the specific hypotheses being tested in the article.
4) Describe the essential aspects of the experimental design and results (i.e. the key manipulations and what they mean...we have not discussed experimental design in detail in class, but the author's description should make these aspects apparent).
5) Describe the main conclusions that can be drawn from the experiments.
6) Describe how these conclusions are relevant outside the laboratory.
If the paper contains multiple experiments, you do not need to describe each experiment in detail. However, you must describe the most important 1-2 experiments in detail, and you must at least mention the goals and conclusions of the other experiments. For example, you might write, "Several additional experiments were conducted to rule out alternative explanations of the first experiment. One of them examined the possibility that the subjects simply responded in the way that they thought the experimenters wanted them to respond. In other words, subjects may have thought that they were expected to say "stop sign" when they had actually seen a yield sign. This possibility was shown to be false. Another experiment examined the possibility that..."
Some of these articles will have obvious real-world implications, and others will not. However, if you think broadly, it is possible to think of real-world relevance or higher-level behavior relevance for any article. The key is to speak specifically about aspects of the experiment that transfer into other behaviors rather than using vague language like "memory is important for learning in the classroom").
Specific Instructions
1. Your paper should be six pages typed, with double-spacing, and 1-inch margins.
2. Assume that your paper will be read by a college student with no specific training in psychology. To be considered complete, your essay must include all information that would be necessary for such a reader to understand it (for example, a term such as "working memory" must be defined).
4. You do not need to cite any sources except for the journal article. When you cite the journal article, you may use any format you like as long as it includes the author, journal, volume, and pages.
5. For this paper, do not use any direct quotes, and make sure that you completely avoid plagiarism.
*****
How to Reference "Enhancing Memory Performance" Article Review in a Bibliography
“Enhancing Memory Performance.” A1-TermPaper.com, 2006, https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/enhancing-memory-performance/26011. Accessed 5 Oct 2024.
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