Essay on "Economics - Macroeconomics Economics Various Economists"

Essay 3 pages (1129 words) Sources: 5 Style: APA

[EXCERPT] . . . .

Economics - Macroeconomics

Economics

Various economists, both theoreticians and practitioners, have developed and applied concepts and principles designed in order to explain the economic laws that govern the society at some point, and to drive economic growth. Some of these principles include the opportunity cost concept, capitalism and socialism, and the invisible hand principle. The following pages will focus on addressing each of these principles, by explaining them and relating them to the economic situation that currently characterizes the U.S. society.

Opportunity Cost

The opportunity cost concept was developed by John Stuart Mill in order to decrease the level of difficulty in the decision making process. The concept is usually applied in situations where scarce resources must be used as efficiently as possible. Basically, when dealing with multiple alternatives, the opportunity cost represents the variants left out when selecting one of these alternatives. The concept can be applied in a variety of situations, including consumer choice, production possibilities, cost of capital, time management, career choice, analysis of comparative advantage.

On individual level, opportunity cost can be observed when a buyer only has a limited amount of money to spend and he has to choose between a clothing item or a meal, for example. If the buyer chooses to buy the clothing item, then the opportunity cost is represented by the meal. When applied in the production process, it represented the product than cannot be included in the production process because other products have been selected.


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>The opportunity cost concept was brought into discussion on macroeconomic level when President Barack Obama advertised his stimulus plan, arguing that it the stimulus program passed unemployment rate would reach 8%, and if it didn't pass it would reach 9%. But the reality is the actual unemployment rate is almost reaching 10% (Eddlem, 2009). In many theoreticians' and practitioners' opinion this approach was not a correct one.

It is difficult to decide which projects or which areas should be stimulated more in the detriment of others. And the decision must be rapidly taken and the priorities must be quickly established in order to allocate the required resources. In France, the stimulus plan mainly addresses the cultural aspect of the country, and also includes fixing potholes, upgrading railroads, and others (Schwartz, 2009).

Capitalism vs. Socialism

There are many essential differences between the capitalist and the socialist system. However, it is difficult to decide whether one of them is better than the other. The socialist system, usually associated with communism, assumes that economic means of production are directed by the masses. In this system, lower social cases are considered to be the most important, because they perform the actual work that drives social progress, which also means that they are entitled to a bigger share of the wealth. Socialism does not recognize private property rights. In socialist society, everyone is considered to be equal. Such an attitude has both advantages and disadvantages.

Capitalism mainly focuses on stimulating entrepreneurs in driving economic growth. The capitalist system focuses on individuals' self-interest. Although this system encourages personal actions, it considers that by achieving individual success, members of the society will help others reach a successful status.

Some blame the economic and financial crisis on the capitalist system characterizing the U.S., system that is considered to encourage greed and consumption (Dorrien, 2009). More and more people orient towards the idea that a form of socialism… READ MORE

Quoted Instructions for "Economics - Macroeconomics Economics Various Economists" Assignment:

As Federal and state government attempt to address the dual issues of a economic recession and growing budget deficits, what will be the impact upon the American economy? In reaction to the current economic situtation, should we attempt to sustain, or even increase, the current level of government involvement in the economy through increased tax increases, or should we move towards a reduced governmental role by lowering taxes and/or cutting some government programs. If cuts are made, what government programs might have to be sacrificed? For an exact, up to the minute accounting of the Federal Debt, Click Here. Please use the following articles to enhance your understanding of the topic (Government: Recession and Budget Deficits). Simply click on the PDF Version link to download a copy of the article. To view the PDF files below, you will need Adobe Reader. If you don't have this program, you can obtain a free copy by going to, http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html.

Thomas Eddlem

Obama Needs to Learn "Opportunity Cost"

PDF Text Version

Gary Dorrien

Is the Economic Crisis a Sin?

PDF Text Version

Mark DuMond

Defining "socialism" in the health care reform debate

PDF Text Version

Barack Obama

Remarks on Financial Regulation

PDF Text Version

Nelson Schwartz

France, Unlike U.S., Is Deep Into Stimulus Projects

PDF Text Version

The three assigned concepts are the following:

1.Opportunity Cost ,

2.Capitalism versus Socialism ,

3.and the Invisible Hand Principle .

The key to the essay assignment is to demonstrate your knowledge of the three assigned concepts. Essays answers should be clearly organized, succinct, informative, coherent, and thoroughly based upon an analysis of the assigned concepts. Always keep in mind that the key to the assignment is to demonstrate your mastery of the assigned concepts, the topic question(s) are included only to place your analysis of the assigned concepts into context. Don't become overly concerned with the topic to the detriment of a detailed discussion of the assigned concepts. Also, you must remember that the assignment is not a research paper, it is an essay. I strongly suggest you keep the textbook closed when you write. With the textbook open, it will be very difficult to write an answer in your own words. Finally, DO NOT use material directly from websites, again I want to emphasize that the assignment is an essay, not a research paper; I am interested in your demonstration of a mastery of the assigned concepts, not any research you might conduct. Essays answers should be approximately two single-spaced pages in length -- about a 1000 words. Below is the format your essay answer should follow:

Assignment Format (5 sections)

◦Section 1

■a brief introductory paragraph (in this paragraph be sure to include a statement of purpose for your essay - what are you going to do and how are you going to do it.

◦Sections 2 through 4

■a one to two paragraph section for each of the 3 assigned concepts you are addressing in your answer.

■with each of your three assigned concept sections begin by first fully defining and explaining the assigned concept in your own words, only then move to apply the assigned concept in the context of the topic question(s)

◦Section 5

■a concluding paragraph.

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