Thesis on "Diabetes Is One of the Most Pervasive"
Thesis 4 pages (1237 words) Sources: 2 Style: MLA
[EXCERPT] . . . .
Diabetes is one of the most pervasive chronic diseases of this century, already affecting more than 180 million people around the world. As per WHO statistics, by the year 2030 there will be more than 300 million diabetics. The fact that 15 years ago the number of diabetics were only 30 million indicates the pandemic nature of diabetes and the serious healthcare implications in the control and management of the disease. [Katarina Hjelm et.al, 2003] There are three types of diabetes namely type 1 (DM1), type 2 (DM2) and gestational diabetes. Type1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the degeneration of islet of langerhans and consequent inhibition of insulin synthesis. There is also a rare subtype of type1 diabetes known as idiopathic type1, which has no known cause. Type 2 diabetes is a condition of insulin resistance where the body does not respond properly to insulin. Both genetic and environmental factors are implicated in the onset of diabetes. Though there is no known cure, significant strides have been achieved in better control and management of the disease. Let us have a brief overview of Type 1 diabetes, its treatment and the recent developments in the management of this chronic condition.Type 1 Diabetes
As mentioned above type 1 diabetes is due to insulin deficiency caused by deterioration of the pancreatic ss cells by the body's immune cells. Several studies over the last decade have identified the role of T. lymphocytes in the attack on the pancreatic ss cells. It is reported that in severe diabetic patients the ss cell mass is decreased to as low as 1% of the size in a normal human being. [George S. Eisenbarth, 2007] A study by Kent et.al (2005)
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Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes
Statistics show that direct relatives of D1 (type 1) patients have a much greater (6%) risk for developing diabetes when compared to the general population (<1%). This clearly indicates the possible genetic predisposition of diabetes. Several genetic studies have pointed to the involvement of the HLA class II genes. The most closely associated genes are the HLA -- DR, DQ and DP genes. [WHO] It is known now through studies that the DQB1*0201 and the DQB1*0302 increase the risk factor for diabetes 1 while the DQB1*0602 alleles seem to have a protective effect. [George S. Eisenbarth, 2007] Besides the HLA gene family the INS gene found on chromosome 11p15.5 and the CTLA 4 gene located in chromosome 2q31-35 have also been implicated in the genetic onset of Diabetes. [WHO]
Environmental Risk Factors
The most important environmental risk factors attributed to D1 are enteroviruses and infant nutrition. It is known now that several viruses cause damage to the pancreatic islet cells. Enteroviruses such as Coxsackie virus B, cytomegalovirus, rotavirus, Mumps have been studied and postulated in the etiology of Diabetes. Other factors such as early introduction to cow's milk and lesser period of breast-feeding are also thought to increase the risk for diabetes. [WHO] Some nutritional studies have attested that vitamin D deficiency during childhood increases the risk factor for diabetes. [Mathieu, 2005]
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Quoted Instructions for "Diabetes Is One of the Most Pervasive" Assignment:
“Please prepare a short review paper of a current topic of diabetes in biology. The paper (is to be 4 pages in length, double spaces) should present the topic and discuss current approaches or current questions in the area. The paper should include the biology aspect of the topic not just social implications or policy issue (but may touch on these areas lightly). The paper should reference the literature (and not simply a textbook) place citations in the text to indicate specific points that are based on your reading of literature [e.g., (Wilson, 1971)].
When discussing diabetes know that there are two types, but discuss only Type1 diabetes since diabetes is too broad an issue write about everything. Some things to discuss are: what cells are affected? How? - be sure to explain the process, including the biological terms and process. What causes it? What does insulin do to regulate diabetes? And remember this is a biology research paper, so emphasize more the science aspect of diabetes, but don*****t get to technical about extremely small details. You can even discuss one or two hypotheses (science based) about susceptibility to diabetes *****“ ie. genes and environment.
References and citations: in your bibliography, use a consistent format. Provide authors names, year of publication, article or book title. For journal articles also include journal name, volume, and page number. For books, also include publisher and city of publication. For websites, include the title of the website and http address. Give the day the website was examined. Cite references in the text by author*****s name and year of publication. Such as Wilson (1971). If you use a direct quote, use quotation marks and cite the page. Citing a direct quotation is somewhat rare in science. More typically, the information is paraphrases and then cited at the end of sentence (Wilson, 1971).
How to Reference "Diabetes Is One of the Most Pervasive" Thesis in a Bibliography
“Diabetes Is One of the Most Pervasive.” A1-TermPaper.com, 2009, https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/diabetes-one/7562747. Accessed 6 Jul 2024.
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