Essay on "How Does Firms Affect Consumer Decision?"
Essay 5 pages (1626 words) Sources: 4
[EXCERPT] . . . .
Consumer BehaviorConsumers use a wide range of criteria in their decision-making process. The role of the firm, especially the marketing department, is to find ways to influence consumer behavior. There are a number of levers by which firms can influence consumer behavior, including information, merchandising and the marketing message. By combining these different levers, firms can exert influence over consumer behavior, guiding consumers to their products. Information aids in the decision-making process so the firm controls the amount of type of information that is provided. Merchandising allows the firm to play on consumers' impulses when shopping. The marketing message is also powerful as it helps to position the product in the mind of the consumer, which again exerts influence over consumer behavior. This paper will examine each of these levers in turn, exploring the ways in which they impact on the consumer decision making process. Literature will be provided to support the contentions contained within this paper about the different levers and the ways in which they work. The audience for this paper is the business that is interesting in learning more about the ways it can impact consumer behavior.
The decisions that consumers make are influenced by a number of different factors that have been described as a stimulus situation, meaning that each member of this set of conditions on aggregate acts to stimulate behavior (Mullen & Johnson, 1990). Consumer decisions, whether consciously or unconsciously, take into account a number of different factors: the product's cost, its packaging, past experiences, the consumer's perception of the product, product placement, the co
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Information control is perhaps the most important means by which companies can impact consumers' decisions. In his seminal work, Philip Nelson (1970) lays out the framework for our understanding of the relationship between information and consumer behavior. Consumers in general lack information about the products they purchase -- they lack knowledge of the price of the inputs and they lack true information about quality variation between products. Even today, with the higher degree of information density, these conditions still hold. Nelson described that the limitations of consumer information have significant impacts on the market for consumer goods. Companies can control information about their goods in a number of ways. The most important is that they own that information and even today retain a high degree of control over much of that information. The ease with which information about the product is acquired by the consumer also makes a difference. For example, the price of a one-way car rental can sometimes be obtained online but with some companies a phone call to an agent is required. In the former situation, the company is operating under the belief that by making the information easy to obtain the consumer will use that service rather than take the time to acquire the same information from the second company. By contrast, the second company is the withholding of information to perform one of two functions. It may be seeking to draw the customer in, to speak directly with a sales representative, which would serve the purpose of discouraging comparison shopping on a high margin add-on (the one-way surcharge). Alternatively, the company could be dissuading the consumer from using its services for an added service on which it is unlikely to make a profit. In either case, the car rental companies are adopting different strategies with respect to the disclosure of information in order to encourage specific behaviors on the part of the consumer.
In addition to information, merchandising is another key lever by which firms can impact consumer behavior. It is well-established that visual merchandising is a key element of consumer decision-making. This includes everything from the appearance of the premises to the displays, the store layout and even the fixtures. Visual merchandising affects sensory pleasure, affective pleasure and cognitive pleasure (Law & Yip, no date). The ways in which the goods are positioned within the store, therefore, can impact on the buying decision. Firms often have some ability to work with the retailers to ensure that their products are well-positioned within the store. For example, in the supermarket candy bars, chewing gum and gossip magazines are always positioned near the cash register as they are impulse purchase items and this positioning discourages thought on the part of the consumer with respect to these purchases. Conversely, dairy items are often placed at the back of the store. Such essential items often bring customers into the store; by placing them at the back the consumer is compelled to pass other items along the way, leading into an increase in purchases, especially if those other items include stylish displays at the butcher or enticing smells at the bakery. Each merchandising decision helps to encourage consumers on the subconscious level. Thus, it is important for the company that makes the product to focus on learning consumer behavior so that placement within stores -- or even the choice of stores in which to place -- is congruent with consumer behavior patterns for that type of product, ultimately leading to optimal sales.
The bakery example above illustrates another key way in which firms influence consumer behavior -- the marketing message. The marketing message of a good-smelling bakery is clear -- that the products at the bakery department are delicious and will give you the same comfort you get when you smell the bakery as you walk past. The medium is the message in this case, but more often the message is contained in advertising, promotional material or even publicity material. The marketing message helps to position the product in the marketplace, defining a set of attributes and ideals for the product. The consumer understands the attributes as the functional value of the product; the ideals are intended to align with the consumer's desired state (Vinson, Scott & Lamont, 1977). For example, the ideal of fun and relaxation is the focal point of the marketing message for Corona beer. Fun and relaxation are certainly not a direct attribute of the product, but the brewery seeks to associate fun and relaxation with the product. The consumer also seeks to associate his or her beer drinking with fun and relaxation so the product's message about ideals is highly congruent with the message that many consumers wish to receive. This allows Corona to overcome its shortcomings with respect to the attribute-price proposition, being an ordinary beer with a premium price. Consumers… READ MORE
Quoted Instructions for "How Does Firms Affect Consumer Decision?" Assignment:
A list of Requirement for this essay:
INTRODUCTION PARAGRAPH:
1) Underline the thesis statement
2) Specify and clarify the target reader or audience in introduction paragraph
3) No more than 200 WORDS
BODY PARAGRAPH:
1) Use A colon and A semicolon in any ONE of the body paragraph and underline it
2) Use transition word between each body paragraph
3) One *****DEDUCTIVE***** body paragraph that shows general to specific, and bold it
4) At least 4 body paragraphs
5) Each body paragraph should clearly shows aspects or perspectives.
6) The first and second body paragraphs should talk about:
- Psychological aspect (first body paragraph)
- Business or market aspect: such as price discrimination strategy or other strategy (second body paragraph)
7) Each body paragraph should include at least one source, and the source should be paraphrase and citation. (No Quotation)
8) The length of each paragraph should almost equal. (For example, the first body is 350 words. Likewise, the second, third, fourth body should also around 350 words.)
CONCLUSION:
1) Summarize body paragraph and provide suggestion or opinion.
Other:
1)Require Work cited and citation
2)At least 4 sources
3)No quotation
4)No less than 1500 words
5)MLA format
6)provide the name of ***** in case that I have question
How to Reference "How Does Firms Affect Consumer Decision?" Essay in a Bibliography
“How Does Firms Affect Consumer Decision?.” A1-TermPaper.com, 2010, https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/consumer-behavior-consumers-use/4096456. Accessed 4 Oct 2024.
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