Essay on "Legal Ethics Civil Rights Act of 1964"

Essay 3 pages (1217 words) Sources: 4 Style: APA

[EXCERPT] . . . .

Civil Rights Act of 1964

This scenario places DWI in a difficult legal position, because it has a duty to its patrons and a duty to its employees. DWI could acquiesce to the terrorist demands and refuse to allow patrons who appear to be of Arab or Middle Eastern descent, thus ending the threat of violence. However, doing so would place DWI in direct violation of federal anti-discrimination laws. Keeping the business open, on the other hand, places DWI's employees in danger and could violate DWI's obligation to provide its employees with a safe work place. The threats against the guests and the property made DWI aware of potential danger, and an employee was injured as a result of that danger. DWI has a duty to ensure that the injured employee receives appropriate care and compensation. It also has a duty to protect its other employees, who have understandably, been reluctant to return to work since the sniper attack. In addition to legal duties, DWI has to worry about financial concerns. If DWI has to shut down the casino until the threats can be traced and eliminated, they will lose revenue during any down time. In addition, any type of shut down may be seen as acquiescence to the terrorist demands, and several groups have threatened to boycott DWI if it gives in to the blackmail.

DWI absolutely cannot bar patrons on the basis of race or national origin. Combined Title II and Title III of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 absolutely bar discrimination on the basis of race or national origin in public accommodations, enjoin establishments from such discrimination, and establish rules for desegregation (P.L. 88-352, 201 et seq. And 301 et seq.). The affected business, the Queen of
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the Nile, is a casino/hotel, which firmly falls within the definition of public accommodation. The constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 has already been determined; in Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States, 379 U.S. 241 (1964), the Supreme Court the Act to determine if Congress could prohibit discrimination in accommodations. The challenge in that case was that if a hotel was not likely to serve customers traveling interstate, then the Commerce Clause could not be used to justify a law impacting that hotel's obligation to serve potential patrons. However, the Supreme Court struck down that challenge and affirmed the idea that the Commerce Clause could be used to justify laws for all hotels. Likewise, in Katzenbach v. McClung, 379 U.S. 294 (1964), the Supreme Court was called upon to determine if the Civil Rights Act of 1964 could constitutionally be applied to restaurants. Although the Supreme Court did not suggest that all restaurants had the possibility of serving interstate travelers, it still found that the Commerce Clause applied because much of the food served in restaurants moves within the stream of commerce, thus triggering Commerce Clause application. The combined result of those two cases is that all public establishments in the United States are barred race-based discrimination. Therefore, DWI absolutely cannot acquiesce to the terrorists' demands and attempt to bar any of its Arab-American or Middle-Eastern customers.

Resolution of that issue still leaves DWI with an important concern about moving forwards in its business. As clear as DWI's legal position is towards its potential patrons, it may also have a legal duty to its employees to provide them with a safe workplace. According to Gary Watkins, while there is no definitive law stating that employers will be responsible for their employees who experience workplace violence, both the Occupational Health and Safety Act (Act 181 of 1993) and the common law support the idea… READ MORE

Quoted Instructions for "Legal Ethics Civil Rights Act of 1964" Assignment:

Scenario:

Congratulations! You have just been hired by Diversified Worldwide Industries (DWI), Inc., as the Vice President of Risk Management. DWI is headquartered in West Palm Beach, Florida, and has over 150 offices in 30 countries. DWI is incorporated in the State of Delaware; its ships are flagged by Liberia and the Bahamas.

The Corporation's principal activities are grouped into the following areas:

ENVIRONMENT: Water and water treatment, waste management;

OIL & ENERGY: Exploration, production, transport, refining, wholesale marketing, alternative fuels research;

COMMUNICATIONS: Telecommunications, Internet, audiovisual activities, publishing and multimedia;

LEISURE & RECREATION: Hotels, casinos, cruise ships;

REAL ESTATE: Builds homes and manages properties in active adult, age-restricted communities;

FINANCIAL: Brokerage for capital market investments in Russia, Eastern Europe, China, and emerging markets;

MANUFACTURING: Produces, distributes, markets, exports and imports spirits and wines.

Your duties as the VP for Risk Management will require that you develop knowledge and expertise in all areas of business law, consult with corporate and outside counsel on legal matters, and advise the board as to available options to reduce or minimize the risk and liability of DWI in its ongoing activities.

Assignment Details:

Read these landmark cases:

Heart of Atlanta Hotel v. U.S.

(http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=case&court=US&vol=379&page=241)

Katzenbach v. McClung

(http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=379&invol=294)

These cases upheld the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as being a constitutional exercise of Congressional power under the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution. The leisure group of DWI owns and operates several hotels and casinos, one of which is "The Queen of The Nile" casino, on the Mississippi River waterfront in New Orleans. This Egyptian themed hotel and casino is quite popular with Arab-Americans and visitors who are citizens of nations in the Middle East and Northern Africa.

Recent events in the Middle East have led to an increase in anti-Arab sentiment, and several fringe groups have actually resorted to violence against persons who appear or are believed to be of Middle Eastern decent and damage to properties they own or frequent. In recent weeks, DWI and the hotel have received threats against the property and its guests via mail, phone, and e-mail. In response, DWI has circulated a memo to employees advising them of the threats and has increased security patrols on the premises. Last night, one or more snipers shot at arriving and departing guests who appeared to be of Middle Eastern descent; two guests and one employee were injured and there was damage to several doors and windows near the hotel entrance.

Additional threats against the hotel have been received, threatening bombings and additional violence unless DWI stops allowing persons believed to be Arab-Americans or others of Middle Eastern descent to stay at or visit the hotel property; several employees have claimed to be sick and have failed to appear at work this morning; Arab-American groups and others are threatening a boycott of DWI products and services worldwide if the company acquiesces to the blackmail.

Discuss the legal and ethical considerations raised by this situation and make a recommendation to the Board as to what actions DWI should take.

Be succinct and state the "purpose statement" and preview or list the topics to be discussed in the "Open" of the submission or you will loose points(NO research data or citations go here.). In the "BODY" is where we give the research data and citations that support your allegations, assertions and tells how it applies (integration) to your company (DWI). We must "integrate" research data at that very moment it is introduced into the DWI scenario in order that your "audience" can follow your logic. A proper "conclusion" should wrap-up main (researched) issues to be used by you (V.P.), to give the foundation for your recommendations to DWI executives.

HINTS:

When using government agencies explain what they do before writing any information about them.

Agencies: Dept. of Homeland Security, FBI, (OSHA)=Occupational Safety & Health Admin., Nat'l Guard, S.W.A.T., U.S. marshals, and the ATF.etc..///LAWS: Civil Rights Act of 1964, The Patriot Act, Title 18, U.S.C. Section 245 "Federally Protected Activities", Polish Alliance v Labor Board, Case studies= Atlanta Hotel v United States, Katzenback v McClung; 14th Ammendment="protection of Individual rights to a public establishment.//////Terms: vicarious liability, negligence, "respondeat superior", criminal law, civil law.., ethics audit, ethical philosophies..etc..

WE MUST KEEP YOUR O/V SCORE AT OR BELOW 25%

How to Reference "Legal Ethics Civil Rights Act of 1964" Essay in a Bibliography

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