Research Paper on "Bias Occurs"
Research Paper 4 pages (1015 words) Sources: 0
[EXCERPT] . . . .
6. In-person interviewing is more time-consuming and more expensive and so is likely to considerably limit the sample size. It can allow for follow-up questions, thus increasing the detail of the answers. Subjects may tailor their answers to what they believe the interviewer will approve of.7. Focus groups have the limits of in-person reviews. They are also likely to produce answers in which each person is likely to try to craft an answer that is similar to others' answers. This can be an advantage or a disadvantage. Focus groups also allow an observer to assess why and how people make decisions.
Questionnaires
1. A poorly constructed questionnaire on research will produce inaccurate results, sometimes dramatically so if (for example) the wording offends subjects so that they intentionally lie.
2. Factors involved in questionnaire writing include 1) whom to question; 2) what the subjects will be questioned about; 3) what format the questionnaire will take; 4) what follow-up methods will be used.
3 .Using established models in crafting a questionnaire is akin to avoiding having to reinvent the wheel: A model has already been user-tested and so is likely to have many of the bugs already worked out.
4. Both open-ended and closed questions can be asked. 5.Question and response "wording" is important in developing surveys to avoid biasing answers. For example, the question "Do you support legalized abortion?" And "Should government determine what medical procedures people have access to?" are the same question in essence but will receive very different answers.
6. On
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7. Open-ended questions are easier to code and will get higher response rates while closed questions are able to provide more analytic and more detailed data.
8 . Pilot-testing surveys are most important when there is no established reliable model.
Ethics
1. Research without informed consent can never be determined to be ethically conducted. Institutions have standard forms that can be used and that should be cleared with advisors or co-researchers. All test subjects must have the method and the ways in which experimental results will be conducted explained to them in language that is accessible.
2. Researchers may choose to become involved in the research process itself when doing so increases the chance of gaining more accurate and more reliable (as well as more explanatory) answers in ways that are not ethically harmful. Social science fieldwork is usually conducted this way.
3. A cost-and-benefits analysis should consider the above as well as the way in which confidentiality and privacy may be affected by researcher participation.
4. Privacy is the domain of an individual and how much information about themselves do they want other people to know. Confidentiality is analogous but is applied to collected data about an individual. The research must… READ MORE
Quoted Instructions for "Bias Occurs" Assignment:
“The recommended book needed : Research Methods for Public Administration, fifth edition, O*****'Sullivan, Elizabethann,Rassel, Gary, and Berner,Maureen. Please make sure the outline form is used.
1.Sample Bias: What it is, why it is important and how to reduce it.
2. Sampling Error: What it is, why it is improtant and how to reduce it.
3. Nonsampling Error: What it is, why it is important and how to reduce it
4. Describe conditions under which the following should be used:
a. Simple Random Sampling, b. Systematic Sampling,c. Stratified Random Sampling d. explain foctors considered in assessing simple quality.
Explain the following
a.Steps in planning for and conducting a survey
b. Advantages and disadvantages of using a mailed questionnaire
c.Advantages and disadvantages of using an internet survey
d.Advantages and disadvantages of using a telephone survey
e. Advantages and diadvantages of using random digit dialing
f. Advantages and disadvantages of using in-perso interviewing
g. Advantages and disadvantages of using focus groups
Explain or describe
1. Explain the possible effects/impact of poorly constructed questionnaire on research
2. Name the four factors involved in questionnaire writing
3 .Desribe the use of models in questionnaire design
4.Name the types of questions that can be asked
5.Explain why question and response *****"wording*****"is important in developing surveys
6. Explain how to avoid *****"bias*****" in question and response wording
7. Explain the benefits of using open -ended and closed - ended questions
8 .Explain whether or not it is important to pretest and /or pilot test surveys
Explain the following
1.Explaine the value of Informed Consent and the steps involved
2. Explain the factors to consider in identifying and weighing Cost and Benefits of researchy participation
3. Expalin the difference between privacy and confidentiality and the role of the researcher in protecting each
4. Explain what the Institutional Review Board(IRB) and when it should be used.
*****
How to Reference "Bias Occurs" Research Paper in a Bibliography
“Bias Occurs.” A1-TermPaper.com, 2012, https://www.a1-termpaper.com/topics/essay/bias-occurs-sampling-method/9670029. Accessed 28 Sep 2024.
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