Term Paper on "Beowulf in the Epic Poem"

Term Paper 4 pages (1253 words) Sources: 1

[EXCERPT] . . . .

Beowulf

In the epic poem Beowulf, the three supernatural beasts function as symbols of man's anxiety towards his environment. it's too easy to forget that in the Anglo-Saxon era, (around the 5th century, C.E.), the environment was much wilder and far more hostile than the environment of luxury and comfort that human beings are used to now. Much of that hostility revolved around how man had a great deal of difficulty surviving. Day to day survival wasn't easy, not even for the rich. Securing food and adequately nutrition was dependent on hunting, fishing and farming: all of those options have one element in common: they are all based in uncertainty. Homes were incredibly flimsy, there was no electricity and even candles were reserved just for the rich. Wolves lived on the perimeter of villages and they had to be warded off from preying of domestic animals or livestock, or even humans, such as small children. Clearly based on these stark facts regarding the sheer challenge presented by day-to-day life, one could see how there would be an underlying tension that acted as the foundation beneath human interactions and human interaction with one's environment.

This anxiety is apparent in the first appearance of Grendel in the text. Grendel drags off thirty or so sleeping heroes of war and consumes all of them savagely. Consider: "When the sun was sunken, he set out to visit/the lofty hall-building, how the Ring-Danes had used it/for beds and benches when the banquet was over./Then he found there reposing many a noble/Asleep after supper; sorrow the heroes, / Misery knew not." This stanza demonstrates the opportunistic quality of Grendel and juxtaposed with the innocent and quiet sl
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umber of the soldiers. In the Anglo-Saxon era, it is no doubt that people had been murdered by predators during soft and peaceful slumber; setting the scene in this manner was a reflection of that occurrence and that fear. This stanza is a pure reflection of the fear of the era: the fear of being preyed upon.

Furthermore, the description of Grendel imparts this character with distinctly diabolical qualities and a strong sense of cunning. Grendel is a sign of evil incarnate. "The monster of evil/Greedy and cruel tarried but little, / Fell and frantic, and forced from their slumbers/Thirty of thanemen; thence he departed/Leaping and laughing, his lair to return to,/With surfeit of slaughter sallying homeward." This description of Grendel both reflects the senselessness of the slaughter, the underlying fear of being killed senselessly by a predator and of the primitive conception of good and evil. One could argue that members of a society which fear monsters are generally ones which have extremely dichotomous notions of right and wrong. The sheer appearance of Grendel and all she does is clearly representative of that. In that sense, she's an extremely simple character: Grendel is evil and she kills with no mercy, creating simply devastation, because that is simply what evil beasts do.

If one were to compare that to mythological "beasts" of destruction of the current era or of pop culture, one can see that these beasts/predators are slightly more nuanced today. For instance, Bin Laden, when alive, engaged in acts of terrorism to frighten Americans, but with a greater, even if insane, cause at hand, dictated by Islam. Even in comic books, which one could argue is a form of contemporary folklore, these villains have far more nuanced character (the Riddler, the Joker) and engage in a sense of trickery and subterfuge before and during their attacks. This character seeks only to destroy. And the destruction felt, apparently brings men to their knees: "Was Grendel's prowess revealed to the warriors/Then, his meal-taking finished, a moan was uplifted, / Morning-cry mighty." The devastation is felt acutely.… READ MORE

Quoted Instructions for "Beowulf in the Epic Poem" Assignment:

This is a Literary Analysis Paper

The only source that should be used is what is in Beowulf

No you or I

Go beyond the obvious: The paper should not a be a summery of the work, nor should it merely give a shallow, "face-vaule" interpretation of the work example: (Shakespeare's sonnest are about love this is a shallow approach) An excellent paper will discover and explain aspects of the work that are not immediately apparent on a first reading.

Use evidence well: You shoud quote directly from the work in your paper. These quotes should be introduced, explained, and linked to the larger arguement of your thesis. Like a scientific lab report, your paper must back up its claims with evidence. Assertions, even if accurate and insightful, will be worth little unless they are supported by examples drawn from the work and/or from the work's social and historical context. Nonetheless, don't let quotes comprise more than about 25% of your paper

Be-well-organized: An excellent paper will have an interesting introduction and a thoughtfull conclusion. A clear, debatable thesis should be presented early in the essay, and the body of the paper should follow the structure suggested by the theses. The body paragraphs, as a group, should provide support for the thesis and, within themselves, should each focus on a single topic.

Have an appropriate style and tone: Think of your professor and peers as your audience. The paper should a have a formal tone appropriate to serious academic discourse. In this context, logical arguement and analysis are privileged over subjective, or personal impressions. Thus, while a work may have affected you deeply, your reaction should not be the focus of the paper. You may analyze what in the work provoked your reaction, but your focus should be primarily on the literature.

Focus on the text: Your purpose in this paper is to show that you understand the text and how it works to convey meaning. As stated in the previous point, your focus should be primarily on the literature. be careful that the theme of the work doesnt become a topic of its own. For example, dont use Beowulf as a platform from which you can talk all about the need for courage; rather, let the paper be a platform for Beowulf to teach us about courage.

If you choose to compare two or three works in the anthology rather than foucs on one work, make sure that the works you choose have some significant similarities, a common ground, and make thos similarities the focus of your paper. A good comparison/contrast paper will look at two works together in order to intensify and increase the reader's understanding of something the works have in common. Comparison/contrast papers can also be used constructively with the historical approach example (two time periods views on the roles of women)

Formal strategies focus on the literary elements and techniques such as character, theme, setting, symbol, rhyme, meter, etc. The emplasis here is on how the work is crafted and put together. A successful formalist paper shows how the poem or story "works" how all pieces come together to create a certain effect in the reader. Little attention is paid to "exterior" matters.

Biographica strategies investigate how the author's life influenced his or her writing. Often, knowledge of the author's life gives a new perspective on passages in the text, as the author uses fiction to work through issues in his or her own experience.

Historical strategies emphasize the social context within which the work was written. Like biographical strategies, this approach uses history and society to illuminiate hidden meanings within the text. Thus, a story about a family may serve as a parable for the struggles society as a while is going through, at the time the story was written.

Marxist strategies are a subcategory of historical criticism. They foucs on the soical context of a work with an emphasis on how class structues and economic circumstances control characters' actions. Works that emphasize the artificial barriers created by society are good candidates for this type of criticism.

Gender strategies blemd fromal and historical concerns as they study the work's treatment of men and women. Usually, this strategy tries to show that the author has used the play to send a message about how men and women treat each other.

Mythological strategies look for universal symbols, often called archetypes, in a work. By pointing out symbols and motifs which have deep roots in human consciousness---water, resurrection, the quest---mythological strategies often find important connections between works that, at first glance, seem unrelated.

Psychological strategies try to discover what motivates a character to act. These motives are often unknown to the character herself. In other words, an interesting psychological analysis shows that while a character may claim to act for a certain reason or purpose, the story reveals that other experiences, attitudes, and emotions actually motivate him/her.

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