Term Paper on "Ancient Near East the Story of Sinuhe"

Term Paper 4 pages (1051 words) Sources: 1

[EXCERPT] . . . .

Ancient Near East

The story of Sinuhe may be seen as one of the first sources of literature as well as history of the world. It represents interesting and indeed somewhat fascinating events which took place in ancient Egypt and Syria. It is also a mirror image of the way in which ancient people viewed their country, their religion, and their beliefs.

Sinuhe was the traditional Egyptian servant who flees the country after overhearing a plot being set in place in order to assassinate the king at the time. The individual ishe entire story however is important not necessarily for the actual events which take place which could be the part of any medieval novel or story, but rather the actual depiction of the society and the environment at that particular time. Therefore, one of the first elements to be pointed out was the sense of honor and respect nurtured for the ruler. More importantly, this respect was manifested through the refusal of Sinuhe to take part in any possible attempt to assassinate the ruler of the country. In this sense, he chose to flee the country rather than confront the challenges.

Another aspect which the story fo Sinuhe points out is the relationship between the individual and the state. In this case the individual is seen as representing the state, with all its qualities and benefits. Therefore, the story underlines the fact in the moment in which Sinuhe is received in exile. Thus "well then, Egypt is happy knowing that he is strong. But you are here. You shall stay with me. What I shall do for you is good. He set me at the head of his children. He married me to his eldest daughter. He let me choose for myself of his land, of the best
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that was his, on his border with another land" (the Story of Sinuhe, n.d.). Therefore, the faith the ruler had in a stranger was relfcted in fact by the faith he had on the country he represented.

In ancient Egypt the country or the land one belonged to represented a crucial identification mark. It stood for the honesty or dishonesty of an individual or for the actual image created in the world. Taking into account the Story of Sinuhe, this particular land made no exception. This case was visible throughout the poem but especially towards the end. The character refused to be buried on foreign territory, regardless of the treatment they offered to him. The love and dedication for the country was stronger than any other desire to remain safe and dedicated. Therefore, he asked for his return and his return was granted with extreme joy. However, the entire ritual of letters and correspondence point out precisely the idea that the Egyptian state did not abandon its citizen, regardless of the means through which the exiled people chose this form of exercise.

The piece of writing can also be interpreted as a pure sense of literary work. More precisely, it was a means through which the author could eventually express his regret for the coward attitude he showed when his king was in a… READ MORE

Quoted Instructions for "Ancient Near East the Story of Sinuhe" Assignment:

Notes for essays

1. Your essays must be submitted in Times New Roman font 12 pt with one inch

margins all round and a word total at the end.

2. You are allowed up to a ten (10) words variation in the length of your essay, i.e.

an essay of 800 words allows you from 790 to 810 words.

3. Every essay must begin with a brief statement of your argument and conclude

with a brief review of the same. The shorter the essay the shorter such statements

must be.

4. Arrange your argument/s in a logical and easily understandable way. Your reader

will not be grateful if (s)he has to read through a sentence twice or more to

understand how it relates to the rest of your argument, or worse still, to

understand what you mean.

5. Do not cut and paste anything from any source and include it as if it were your

own words. This is plagiarism. Best practice is to sum up another person*****s

information/argument in your own words and attribute them to their proper

author. Think of your essay as your part in an ongoing, scholarly discussion. The

practice in such discussions is always to record who contributed what to the

overall argument and interpretation. In essays of 1500 words or fewer there is no

need to use direct quotations. I have no wish to mark someone else*****s words

because I am interested in what you think and write.

6. Citations of primary sources, e.g., evidence from any translated documents,

literary references, or excerpts from ancient authors, should be placed in

parentheses within the main body of the text.

7. Place references to secondary sources, e.g., to the Course Notes or textbook,

within the body of your essay in the following format - [Stiebing: 150] or

[Falkner: 25]. Please note brackets, colon, and spacing. These references cannot

be included in your overall word count.

8. Statements presented as fact must be supported by examples. If, for example, you

say that Late Bronze Age Egypt was an imperial power, you should provide at

least two instances that demonstrate the truth of this statement. Because you are

restricted in the number of words you may use in your essays, these examples

should be placed in footnotes (not endnotes). They should be written as follows:

For example (do not use e.g.), Pharaoh X conquered new territory in many

campaigns outside Egypt between the years A and B.

Then cite your source for this information in the footnote as described in Note 7,

but without using brackets.

9. Good information can be found on the Internet if you know where to look. I have

listed some of these sites on WebCT. Do not use any other web sources. Cite the

ones you are permitted to use with their full web address, e.g., author*****s name and

initials (if known), then http:// etc. The Internet contains a considerable amount of

unedited, uninformed, un-reviewed, and ill-considered information, such as

portions of Wikepedia. It is not an online encyclopedia written by experts in the

field but an open source that can be changed by anybody at any time.

10. Spelling, grammar and punctuation matter. I know that even textbooks are not

immune to this, but I will deduct marks for such errors. I will deduct marks for the

use of contractions (e.g., isn*****t), abbreviations (e.g., b/c for because), poor spelling,

bad grammar (e.g., incomplete sentences, lack of subject/verb agreement,

misplaced modifiers), and colloquialisms. Marks will also be deducted for

exceeding the word limit.

11. Avoid exaggerations like *****˜totally*****, *****˜amazing*****, *****˜incredible*****, *****˜excellent***** or the

inadmissible *****˜very***** and *****˜most***** with *****˜unique*****. Please distinguish between it*****s, the

contraction for *****˜it is***** - and not allowed in your essay - and its, a possessive. For

example, you might write *****˜The building was very tall. Its façade was fifty metres

high.***** You cannot write *****˜The building was very tall. It*****s façade was fifty metres

high.***** The latter makes no sense because it is saying *****˜It is façade was fifty metres

high.*****

12. Provide a separate bibliography to include all the sources you use. These sources

must be listed in the following format:

Smith, A. W. 2008. A History of Everything. New York.

Note the order, spacing, italics, and punctuation.

Before you submit your essay please check for the following:

An opening statement to signpost where the essay is going.

Smooth and logical links from one paragraph to the next.

Appropriate statements and appropriate examples to support them.

Spelling and grammatical errors.

Mark breakdown

Completeness 20

Relevance 20

Objectives established at outset 15

Logical development of material 15

Appropriate conclusion 15

Presentation (spelling, etc) 15

Website(must use these website for the bibilography)

GENERAL

Photos

(click on the name of the site)

http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/lab/photos/meso/

http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/lab/photos/

Satellite images of the areas covered by the course:

http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2002067-

0308/MiddleEast.A2002067.0830.1km.jpg

http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2002060-

0301/MiddleEast.A2002060.0820.1km.jpg

http://www.parstimes.com/MODIS/MiddleEast05042003.jpg

http://www.parstimes.com/MODIS/egypt2000.jpg

http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/index.cgi?2001239-

0827/Iraq.A2001239.0750.1km.jpg

Useful Maps

http://oi.uchicago.edu/gallery/map_series/

LITERARY WORKS

The Story of Sinuhe

http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/storysinuhe.html

The Report of Wenamun

http://phoenicia.org/wenamun.html

ASSYRIA

Ashur

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1130

http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/ane/g88a_89.html

Neo-Assyrian sculpture

http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/ane/g6.html

ANATOLIA

Kanesh document

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/03/waa/ho_66.245.5b.htm

Hattusas and Yazilikaya

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/377

Archives at Hattusas

http://fathom.lib.uchicago.edu/1/777777190247/

Uluburun shipwreck

http://ina.tamu.edu/ub_main.htm

BABYLON

http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/ixbin/goto?id=ENC378

Ishtar Gate

http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Ishtar_Gate.html

http://www.museumsinsel-berlin.de/index.php?lang=en&page=5_1_2

DILMUN (Persian Gulf)

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1192

EGYPT

Thebes

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/87

http://www.thebanmappingproject.com/

Deir el Medina

http://www.leidenuniv.nl/nino/dmd/dmd.html

http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Places/Place/324980

Memphis and Giza

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/86

Abu Simbel and Nubia

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/88

Hatshepsut*****s Red Chapel

http://www.osirisnet.net/monument/chaproug/e_chaproug.htm

Karnak

http://www.civilization.ca/civil/egypt/egca08e.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/egypt/explore/karnakgreat.html

http://history.memphis.edu/hypostyle/

Tutankamun

http://www.civilization.ca/civil/egypt/egtut01e.html

Amarna

http://www.ees.ac.uk/fieldwork/amarna.htm

http://www.amarna3d.com/

The Amarna archive

http://nefertiti.iwebland.com/amarnaletters.htm

LEVANT

Trade routes.

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1108

Byblos

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/295

http://www.middleeast.com/byblos.htm

Jerusalem

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/148

Lebanon

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/850

Damascus

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/20

Negev (for continued importance of the area)

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1107

Petra

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/326

Ugarit (and links to Damascus and Aleppo)

http://www.homsonline.com/Citeis/Ugarit.htm

Ugarit texts

http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/pubs/nn/win02_pardee.html

Lachish (period of Assyrian destruction)

http://www.odysseyadventures.ca/articles/lachish_slides/lachish05.htm

Mari

http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/sites/middle_east/mari.html

http://www.syrianembassy.us/Aboutsyria/mari_tell_hariri.htm

Ebla

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ebla/hd_ebla.htm

PERSIA

Pasargadae

http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=1106

Persepolis

http://oi.uchicago.edu/museum/collections/pa/persepolis/

http://www.persia.org/imagemap/perspolis.html

http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=114

Behistun Inscription

http://www.livius.org/be-bm/behistun/behistun01.html

UR

http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/sites/middle_east/ur.html

http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/ixbin/goto?id=obj1740

http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/First_Cities/firstcities_main.htm

Mesopotamian trade

http://www.mesopotamia.co.uk/trade/home_set.html

History of Philip II and *****

http://history.boisestate.edu/WESTCIV/*****/

Map of *****s Empire

http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~stephan/Renault/boy.mp.html

Textbook

Ancient ear Eastern History and Culture

(2nd edition, 2009) by William H. Stiebing.

Unit Two: Early Bronze Age (The First Empires)

Mesopotamia *****“ Heroic, dynastic and imperial periods: Ur, Lagash, Kish, Akkad;

weakness and collapse.

Readings: Stiebing 43-61, 69-83, Map 2.2, 3.1, Doc. 2.1, 3.2, Figs. 2.3, 2.4, 2.5.

Egypt (and Levant) - Early dynasties and unification; Old Kingdom; Abydos, Memphis

and Giza; weakness and collapse.

Readings: Stiebing 62-66, 117-120, 121-126, 136-146, Map 5.1, Doc.5.1, 5.2, Figs.5.1,

5.2, 5.3, 5.5, 5.7.

Topics

The Story of Sinuhe (see the file *****˜Websites***** for the online version you need), although

an example of imaginative literature and the product of a later age, is set in the early

years of Dynasty 12. What does it tell us about the areas of Egypt and the Levant and

the life and beliefs of both Egyptian and Levantine society in this period? (800 words)

including citation(4 pages with 800 words)Thanx

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