Thesis on "Albania: Migration and Immigration Issues"

Thesis 4 pages (1184 words) Sources: 4 Style: APA

[EXCERPT] . . . .

Albania: Migration and Immigration Issues and the Effects on Gender, Religious and Minorities

The objective of this work is to answer the question of how has migration and immigration in Albania affected or influenced the country's culture? Additionally, this paper seeks to examine the roles and treatment of women in Albania as well as the affect of migration and immigration patterns on religious practices, women and minorities in Albania.

GENDER ISSUES

The work of Vullnetari (2007) entitled: "Albania Migration and Development: State of the Art Review" in a IMISCOE Working Paper published in September 2007 states that migration in Albania has historically been of a forced migration in addition to vigorous pursuit of emigration on the part of Albanians and in fact to the extent that the labor emigrations "intensified by the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, influenced by the global political and socio-economic situation." (Vullnetari, 2007; 13) Stated as a "very important point in the context of these migrants' profiles is their gender..." In that the labor migration was primarily involving male labor migrants however this is not to infer that the women were not affected since "...females were left behind to mourn the separation from their male relatives." (Vullnetari, 2007; 13) of those women who did migrate with the male labor workers their role is described as "homemakers for their men upon arrival in the new country, and as preservers of tradition and the memory of homeland...generally the Albania woman was still not expected to express opinions, she was still 'unobtrusive' and did not vote." (Vullnetari, 2007; 14) it is reported that 20,000 to 30,000 Albanians returned from the United States between 1919 and 1925 "bringing their savings with them." (Vullnetari, 2007; 15) However many returned in what is termed the 'second large scale immigration of Albanians to America' and was t time in which "entire villages were deserted except for a few old people, as men took their wives and children with them." (Vullnetari, 2007; 14) the shift was then from a "male-dominated to a family-dominated emigration" (Vullnetari, 2007; 15) in which more single young women exceed that of men in Albanian emigration between 1920 and 1930.

II. STATEMENT SUBMITTED by ALBANIAN GOVERNMENT (2001)

In the "Report Submitted by Albania Pursuant to Article 25, Paragraph 1 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities" it is stated that Albania "attaches a special attention to the good relations, tolerance, cooperation and cohabitation and understanding between the Albanians and the national minorities living in its territory. During all its past and present history, the Albania society has not encountered any ethnic, racial or religion problem or conflict." (2001) the report states that this fact is "acknowledged by international organizations as well.' (Council of Europe, 2001) Additionally related in the report is the fact that Albanian state policy "rises on two fundamental pillars determined by the international instruments for the protection of national minorities: (1) the legal guarantee and the exercise in practice of the right for an non-discriminating treatment of the people belonging to national minorities regarding the respect for all human rights, civil rights and political freedoms contemplated by the Constitution and the legislation for all Albanian nationals; and (2) the legal guarantee and the adoption of concrete measures to protect and respect the rights of national minority members, such as: the right to freely express their belonging, to preserve and develop their identity through exercising freely and without restraint those special elements which characterize the life of their community as… READ MORE

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